diff --git a/api.php b/api.php
index 07e18a0..390d1cf 100644
--- a/api.php
+++ b/api.php
@@ -44,37 +44,37 @@ if (($params['log'] ?? '') == '1') {
 $cmdRequested = $params['cmd'] ?? 'se';
 $cmd = normalize_cmd($cmdRequested);
 
-if ($cmd === 'se') {
-    $latest = db_latest($pdo);
-
-    if (!$latest) {
+if ($cmd === 'se') {
+    $latest = db_latest($pdo);
+
+    if (!$latest) {
         json_exit([
             'request_id' => $requestId,
             'error' => 'no_latest_data'
-        ], 500);
-    }
-
-    $ageSeconds = max(0, time() - strtotime((string)$latest['ts']));
-    $latestUsage = db_latest_usage($pdo);
-    $staleReason = null;
-    if ($ageSeconds > 30 && $latestUsage && (int)$latestUsage['tcp_ok'] === 0) {
-        $staleReason = (string)($latestUsage['tcp_error'] ?? 'tcp_failed');
-    }
-
-    json_exit([
-        'request_id' => $requestId,
-        'cmd_requested' => 'se',
-        'cmd' => $latest['cmd'],
-        'ts' => $latest['ts'],
-        'meta' => [
-            'age_seconds' => $ageSeconds,
-            'stale' => $ageSeconds > 30,
-            'stale_reason' => $staleReason,
-            'latest_tcp' => $latestUsage,
-        ],
-
-        'raw_full' => $latest['raw_full'],
-        'raw_trim' => $latest['raw_trim'],
+        ], 500);
+    }
+
+    $ageSeconds = max(0, time() - strtotime((string)$latest['ts']));
+    $latestUsage = db_latest_usage($pdo);
+    $staleReason = null;
+    if ($ageSeconds > 30 && $latestUsage && (int)$latestUsage['tcp_ok'] === 0) {
+        $staleReason = (string)($latestUsage['tcp_error'] ?? 'tcp_failed');
+    }
+
+    json_exit([
+        'request_id' => $requestId,
+        'cmd_requested' => 'se',
+        'cmd' => $latest['cmd'],
+        'ts' => $latest['ts'],
+        'meta' => [
+            'age_seconds' => $ageSeconds,
+            'stale' => $ageSeconds > 30,
+            'stale_reason' => $staleReason,
+            'latest_tcp' => $latestUsage,
+        ],
+
+        'raw_full' => $latest['raw_full'],
+        'raw_trim' => $latest['raw_trim'],
 
         'data' => [
             'boundary' => (int)$latest['boundary'],
@@ -110,26 +110,26 @@ if ($requestMethod !== 'POST') {
     ], 405);
 }
 
-$tcpMs = 0;
-$connectMs = 0;
-$readMs = 0;
-$tcpError = '';
-$trimError = '';
-$sentBytes = 0;
-$receivedBytes = 0;
-
-$rawFull = tcp_request(
-    $cmd,
-    $tcpMs,
-    $connectMs,
-    $readMs,
-    $tcpError,
-    'api_control',
-    $requestId,
-    $sentBytes,
-    $receivedBytes
-);
-$execMs = (int)round((microtime(true) - $tsStart) * 1000);
+$tcpMs = 0;
+$connectMs = 0;
+$readMs = 0;
+$tcpError = '';
+$trimError = '';
+$sentBytes = 0;
+$receivedBytes = 0;
+
+$rawFull = tcp_request(
+    $cmd,
+    $tcpMs,
+    $connectMs,
+    $readMs,
+    $tcpError,
+    'api_control',
+    $requestId,
+    $sentBytes,
+    $receivedBytes
+);
+$execMs = (int)round((microtime(true) - $tsStart) * 1000);
 
 if ($rawFull === '') {
     json_exit([
@@ -141,16 +141,16 @@ if ($rawFull === '') {
         'client_ip' => $clientIp,
         'ua' => $userAgent,
         'tcp_ok' => 0,
-        'tcp_ms' => $tcpMs,
-        'connect_ms' => $connectMs,
-        'read_ms' => $readMs,
-        'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
-        'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
-        'total_bytes' => $sentBytes + $receivedBytes,
-        'tcp_error' => ($tcpError !== '' ? $tcpError : 'timeout_or_empty'),
-        'error' => 'CONTROL_CMD_SEND_FAILED'
-    ], 502);
-}
+        'tcp_ms' => $tcpMs,
+        'connect_ms' => $connectMs,
+        'read_ms' => $readMs,
+        'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
+        'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
+        'total_bytes' => $sentBytes + $receivedBytes,
+        'tcp_error' => ($tcpError !== '' ? $tcpError : 'timeout_or_empty'),
+        'error' => 'CONTROL_CMD_SEND_FAILED'
+    ], 502);
+}
 
 $rawTrim = make_trim($rawFull, $trimError);
 $data = ($rawTrim !== '') ? parse_trim($rawTrim) : null;
@@ -174,16 +174,16 @@ json_exit([
     'client_ip' => $clientIp,
     'ua' => $userAgent,
     'tcp_ok' => 1,
-    'tcp_ms' => $tcpMs,
-    'connect_ms' => $connectMs,
-    'read_ms' => $readMs,
-    'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
-    'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
-    'total_bytes' => $sentBytes + $receivedBytes,
-    'tcp_error' => $tcpError,
+    'tcp_ms' => $tcpMs,
+    'connect_ms' => $connectMs,
+    'read_ms' => $readMs,
+    'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
+    'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
+    'total_bytes' => $sentBytes + $receivedBytes,
+    'tcp_error' => $tcpError,
     'accepted' => true,
     'ack_only' => ($rawTrim === ''),
     'raw_full' => $rawFull,
     'raw_trim' => $rawTrim,
     'data' => $data
-]);
+]);
diff --git a/asset-version.php b/asset-version.php
index 0e9d489..3d84290 100644
--- a/asset-version.php
+++ b/asset-version.php
@@ -59,12 +59,11 @@ $assets = [];
 foreach (collect_asset_files($root, $scanRoots) as $fullPath) {
     $relativePath = ltrim(str_replace($rootPath ?: $root, '', $fullPath), DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
     $fileHash = is_readable($fullPath) ? (hash_file('sha256', $fullPath) ?: 'hash-failed') : 'unreadable';
-    $fileVersion = (string)filemtime($fullPath) . '-' . substr($fileHash, 0, 10);
-    $publicPath = '/car/' . str_replace(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, '/', $relativePath);
+    $fileVersion = substr($fileHash, 0, 16);
+    $publicPath = '/custom/car/' . str_replace(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, '/', $relativePath);
     $fingerprints[] = implode('|', [
         ltrim($publicPath, '/'),
         (string)filesize($fullPath),
-        (string)filemtime($fullPath),
         $fileHash,
     ]);
     $assets[$publicPath] = $fileVersion;
diff --git a/assets/asset-reload.js b/assets/asset-reload.js
index 2c74cd7..0967116 100644
--- a/assets/asset-reload.js
+++ b/assets/asset-reload.js
@@ -214,20 +214,23 @@
         }).then(function (data) {
             if (!data || data.result !== 'ok' || !data.version) return;
 
-            var token = data.version.slice(0, 12);
             var previous = storeGet(storageKey);
-            var mismatch = loadedAssetMismatch(data.assets);
-            var forceReload = bfcacheReturn;
+            var versionChanged = previous && previous !== data.version;
+            var latestToken = String(data.version).slice(0, 12);
+            var hasLatestToken = assetTokenFromLocation() === latestToken;
+            var mismatch = !hasLatestToken && loadedAssetMismatch(data.assets);
+            var wasBfcacheReturn = bfcacheReturn;
             bfcacheReturn = false;
             storeSet(storageKey, data.version);
 
-            if (assetTokenFromLocation() !== token || mismatch || forceReload) {
-                reloadWith(data.version, mismatch || forceReload);
+            if ((mismatch || wasBfcacheReturn) && !hasLatestToken) {
+                reloadWith(data.version, true);
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (previous && previous !== data.version) {
+            if (versionChanged) {
                 reloadWith(data.version, false);
+                return;
             }
         }).then(function () {
             running = false;
diff --git a/assets/site.webmanifest b/assets/site.webmanifest
index a3caf87..6c8f76c 100644
--- a/assets/site.webmanifest
+++ b/assets/site.webmanifest
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
   "name": "Car Monitor",
   "short_name": "Car Monitor",
   "description": "Vehicle status monitor",
-  "start_url": "/car/monitor.php?pwa=1",
-  "scope": "/car/",
+  "start_url": "/custom/car/monitor.php?pwa=1",
+  "scope": "/custom/car/",
   "display": "standalone",
   "orientation": "portrait",
   "background_color": "#0f172a",
   "theme_color": "#0f172a",
   "icons": [
     {
-      "src": "/car/assets/icon-192.png",
+      "src": "/custom/car/assets/icon-192.png",
       "sizes": "192x192",
       "type": "image/png",
       "purpose": "any maskable"
     },
     {
-      "src": "/car/assets/icon-512.png",
+      "src": "/custom/car/assets/icon-512.png",
       "sizes": "512x512",
       "type": "image/png",
       "purpose": "any maskable"
diff --git a/collector_se.php b/collector_se.php
index a867a49..983cfb3 100644
--- a/collector_se.php
+++ b/collector_se.php
@@ -62,19 +62,19 @@ function collect_once(): bool
     $tcpError = '';
     $trimError = '';
 
-    $sentBytes = 0;
-    $receivedBytes = 0;
-    $rawFull = tcp_request(
-        'se',
-        $tcpMs,
-        $connectMs,
-        $readMs,
-        $tcpError,
-        'collector_se',
-        null,
-        $sentBytes,
-        $receivedBytes
-    );
+    $sentBytes = 0;
+    $receivedBytes = 0;
+    $rawFull = tcp_request(
+        'se',
+        $tcpMs,
+        $connectMs,
+        $readMs,
+        $tcpError,
+        'collector_se',
+        null,
+        $sentBytes,
+        $receivedBytes
+    );
     if ($rawFull === '') {
         return false;
     }
@@ -105,4 +105,4 @@ if (!is_fast_poll_state() && should_skip_non_driving()) {
 }
 
 mark_attempt();
-collect_once();
+collect_once();
diff --git a/common.php b/common.php
index 819022a..b246c7c 100644
--- a/common.php
+++ b/common.php
@@ -3,67 +3,68 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Seoul');
 
-$carSecretFile = '/home/seo/secret/car.php';
-if (!is_file($carSecretFile)) {
-    throw new RuntimeException('Missing car secret config: ' . $carSecretFile);
-}
-
-$carSecretConfig = require $carSecretFile;
-$carTcpConfig = is_array($carSecretConfig['tcp'] ?? null) ? $carSecretConfig['tcp'] : [];
-$carIdentityConfig = is_array($carSecretConfig['identity'] ?? null) ? $carSecretConfig['identity'] : [];
-$carDbConfig = is_array($carSecretConfig['db'] ?? null) ? $carSecretConfig['db'] : [];
-
-define('TCP_HOST', (string)($carTcpConfig['host'] ?? ''));
-define('TCP_PORT', (int)($carTcpConfig['port'] ?? 3400));
-
-define('TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT', (float)($carTcpConfig['total_timeout'] ?? 4.95));
-define('TCP_USAGE_SETTLEMENT_TIMEOUT', (float)($carTcpConfig['usage_settlement_timeout'] ?? 60.0));
-
-define('MODEM', (string)($carIdentityConfig['modem'] ?? ''));
-define('USER', (string)($carIdentityConfig['user'] ?? ''));
-define('UID', (string)($carIdentityConfig['uid'] ?? ''));
-define('TYPE', (string)($carIdentityConfig['type'] ?? ''));
-
-define('DB_HOST', (string)($carDbConfig['host'] ?? '127.0.0.1'));
-define('DB_NAME', (string)($carDbConfig['name'] ?? 'car'));
-define('DB_USER', (string)($carDbConfig['user'] ?? 'car'));
-define('DB_PASS', (string)($carDbConfig['pass'] ?? ''));
-define('DB_CHARSET', (string)($carDbConfig['charset'] ?? 'utf8mb4'));
-
-define('AUTH_TOKEN', (string)($carSecretConfig['auth_token'] ?? ''));
-
-define('ALLOWED_IPS', array_values(array_filter(
-    (array)($carSecretConfig['allowed_ips'] ?? []),
-    static fn($ip): bool => is_string($ip) && $ip !== ''
-)));
-
+$carSecretFile = __DIR__ . '/../../config/car.php';
+if (!is_file($carSecretFile)) {
+    throw new RuntimeException('Missing car secret config: ' . $carSecretFile);
+}
+
+$carSecretConfig = require $carSecretFile;
+$carTcpConfig = is_array($carSecretConfig['tcp'] ?? null) ? $carSecretConfig['tcp'] : [];
+$carIdentityConfig = is_array($carSecretConfig['identity'] ?? null) ? $carSecretConfig['identity'] : [];
+$carDbConfig = is_array($carSecretConfig['db'] ?? null) ? $carSecretConfig['db'] : [];
+
+define('TCP_HOST', (string)($carTcpConfig['host'] ?? ''));
+define('TCP_PORT', (int)($carTcpConfig['port'] ?? 3400));
+
+define('TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT', (float)($carTcpConfig['total_timeout'] ?? 4.95));
+define('TCP_USAGE_SETTLEMENT_TIMEOUT', (float)($carTcpConfig['usage_settlement_timeout'] ?? 60.0));
+
+define('MODEM', (string)($carIdentityConfig['modem'] ?? ''));
+define('USER', (string)($carIdentityConfig['user'] ?? ''));
+define('UID', (string)($carIdentityConfig['uid'] ?? ''));
+define('TYPE', (string)($carIdentityConfig['type'] ?? ''));
+
+define('DB_HOST', (string)($carDbConfig['host'] ?? '127.0.0.1'));
+define('DB_NAME', (string)($carDbConfig['name'] ?? 'car'));
+define('DB_USER', (string)($carDbConfig['user'] ?? 'car'));
+define('DB_PASS', (string)($carDbConfig['pass'] ?? ''));
+define('DB_CHARSET', (string)($carDbConfig['charset'] ?? 'utf8mb4'));
+
+define('AUTH_TOKEN', (string)($carSecretConfig['auth_token'] ?? ''));
+
+define('ALLOWED_IPS', array_values(array_filter(
+    (array)($carSecretConfig['allowed_ips'] ?? []),
+    static fn($ip): bool => is_string($ip) && $ip !== ''
+)));
+
 const ALLOWED_CMD = ['se', 'ef', 'en', 'hn', 'hf', 'dl', 'du', 'tu'];
 const CONTROL_CMD = ['ef', 'en', 'hn', 'hf', 'dl', 'du', 'tu'];
 const CARRIER_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES = 512;
+const TCP_STALE_QUEUE_BATCH_LIMIT = 200;
 
 const RAW_FULL_REGEX = '/(?<modem>\d{11})\/R:(?<r>[a-z])\/E:(?<E0>[io]{5}\d{3}[io])\/D:(?<D0>[oi]{7})\/L:(?<L0>o{5})\/F:(?<F0>[ots][oi]\d{4}[oi]{4})\/S:(?<S0>[^\/]+)/';
 
-function db(bool $fresh = false): PDO
-{
-    static $pdo = null;
-
-    if (!$fresh && $pdo instanceof PDO) {
-        return $pdo;
-    }
-
-    $dsn = "mysql:host=" . DB_HOST . ";dbname=" . DB_NAME . ";charset=" . DB_CHARSET;
-    $conn = new PDO($dsn, DB_USER, DB_PASS, [
-        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
-        PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
-    ]);
-
-    if ($fresh) {
-        return $conn;
-    }
-
-    $pdo = $conn;
-    return $pdo;
-}
+function db(bool $fresh = false): PDO
+{
+    static $pdo = null;
+
+    if (!$fresh && $pdo instanceof PDO) {
+        return $pdo;
+    }
+
+    $dsn = "mysql:host=" . DB_HOST . ";dbname=" . DB_NAME . ";charset=" . DB_CHARSET;
+    $conn = new PDO($dsn, DB_USER, DB_PASS, [
+        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
+        PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
+    ]);
+
+    if ($fresh) {
+        return $conn;
+    }
+
+    $pdo = $conn;
+    return $pdo;
+}
 
 function b(string $ch): int
 {
@@ -96,226 +97,245 @@ function normalize_cmd(?string $cmd): string
     return in_array($cmd, ALLOWED_CMD, true) ? $cmd : 'se';
 }
 
-function json_exit(array $payload, int $status = 200): void
-{
+function json_exit(array $payload, int $status = 200): void
+{
     http_response_code($status);
     header('Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8');
     header('Cache-Control: no-store');
     echo json_encode($payload, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
-    exit;
-}
-
-function db_insert_data_usage(
-    PDO $pdo,
-    string $source,
-    string $cmd,
-    int $sentBytes,
-    int $receivedBytes,
-    bool $tcpOk,
-    string $tcpError = '',
-    ?string $requestId = null
-): void {
-    try {
-        db_ensure_data_usage_schema($pdo);
-        $carrierEstimatedBytes = carrier_billing_bytes($sentBytes + $receivedBytes);
-        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO car_data_usage (
-            id, ts, source, cmd, sent_bytes, received_bytes, total_bytes,
-            carrier_estimated_bytes, tcp_ok, tcp_error, request_id
-        ) VALUES (
-            'car', :ts, :source, :cmd, :sent_bytes, :received_bytes, :total_bytes,
-            :carrier_estimated_bytes, :tcp_ok, :tcp_error, :request_id
-        )");
-
-        $stmt->execute([
-            ':ts' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
-            ':source' => substr($source, 0, 20),
-            ':cmd' => substr($cmd, 0, 10),
-            ':sent_bytes' => max(0, $sentBytes),
-            ':received_bytes' => max(0, $receivedBytes),
-            ':total_bytes' => max(0, $sentBytes + $receivedBytes),
-            ':carrier_estimated_bytes' => $carrierEstimatedBytes,
-            ':tcp_ok' => $tcpOk ? 1 : 0,
-            ':tcp_error' => $tcpError !== '' ? substr($tcpError, 0, 100) : null,
-            ':request_id' => $requestId,
-        ]);
-    } catch (Throwable $e) {
-        // 사용량 기록 실패가 차량 제어/조회 자체를 막으면 안 된다.
-    }
-}
-
-function carrier_billing_bytes(int $payloadBytes): int
-{
-    $payloadBytes = max(0, $payloadBytes);
-    if ($payloadBytes <= 0) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    return (int)(ceil($payloadBytes / CARRIER_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) * CARRIER_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES);
-}
-
-function db_ensure_data_usage_schema(PDO $pdo): void
-{
-    static $done = false;
-    if ($done) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    try {
-        $stmt = $pdo->query("SHOW COLUMNS FROM car_data_usage LIKE 'carrier_estimated_bytes'");
-        if (!$stmt || !$stmt->fetch()) {
-            $pdo->exec("ALTER TABLE car_data_usage ADD COLUMN carrier_estimated_bytes INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AFTER total_bytes");
-        }
-    } catch (Throwable $e) {
-        // 스키마 보강 실패가 차량 제어/조회 자체를 막으면 안 된다.
-    }
-
-    $done = true;
-}
-
-function record_tcp_usage(
-    string $source,
-    string $cmd,
-    int $sentBytes,
-    int $receivedBytes,
-    bool $tcpOk,
-    string $tcpError = '',
-    ?string $requestId = null
-): void {
-    db_insert_data_usage(
-        db(),
-        $source,
-        $cmd,
-        $sentBytes,
-        $receivedBytes,
-        $tcpOk,
-        $tcpError,
-        $requestId
-    );
-}
-
-function tcp_request_payload(string $cmd): string
-{
-    return json_encode([
-        'type' => 'R',
-        'type_sub' => 'car_controll',
-        'data' => [
-            'command' => '+SCMD=' . MODEM . '/C:' . $cmd,
-            'modem'   => MODEM,
-            'user'    => USER,
-            'uid'     => UID,
-            'type'    => TYPE,
-        ],
-    ], JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
-}
-
-function db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema(PDO $pdo): void
-{
-    static $done = false;
-    if ($done) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $pdo->exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS car_tcp_request_queue (
-        id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-        request_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-        car_id VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'car',
-        created_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
-        updated_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
-        source VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
-        cmd VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
-        status VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
-        request_payload MEDIUMTEXT NOT NULL,
-        sent_bytes INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-        received_bytes INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-        total_bytes INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-        tcp_ok TINYINT NULL,
-        tcp_error VARCHAR(100) NULL,
-        raw_full MEDIUMTEXT NULL,
-        connect_ms INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-        read_ms INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-        tcp_ms INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-        ui_deadline_ts DOUBLE NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-        usage_deadline_ts DOUBLE NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-        worker_pid INT NULL,
-        KEY idx_status_id (status, id),
-        KEY idx_request_id (request_id)
-    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4");
-
-    $done = true;
-}
-
-function tcp_queue_now(): string
-{
-    return date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
-}
-
-function tcp_queue_update(PDO $pdo, string $requestId, array $values): void
-{
-    if (!$values) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $values['updated_at'] = tcp_queue_now();
-    $sets = [];
-    $params = [':request_id' => $requestId];
-
-    foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
-        $param = ':' . $key;
-        $sets[] = "$key = $param";
-        $params[$param] = $value;
-    }
-
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE car_tcp_request_queue SET " . implode(', ', $sets) . " WHERE request_id = :request_id");
-    $stmt->execute($params);
-}
-
+    exit;
+}
+
+function db_insert_data_usage(
+    PDO $pdo,
+    string $source,
+    string $cmd,
+    int $sentBytes,
+    int $receivedBytes,
+    bool $tcpOk,
+    string $tcpError = '',
+    ?string $requestId = null
+): void {
+    try {
+        db_ensure_data_usage_schema($pdo);
+        $carrierEstimatedBytes = carrier_billing_bytes($sentBytes + $receivedBytes);
+        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO car_data_usage (
+            id, ts, source, cmd, sent_bytes, received_bytes, total_bytes,
+            carrier_estimated_bytes, tcp_ok, tcp_error, request_id
+        ) VALUES (
+            'car', :ts, :source, :cmd, :sent_bytes, :received_bytes, :total_bytes,
+            :carrier_estimated_bytes, :tcp_ok, :tcp_error, :request_id
+        )");
+
+        $stmt->execute([
+            ':ts' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+            ':source' => substr($source, 0, 20),
+            ':cmd' => substr($cmd, 0, 10),
+            ':sent_bytes' => max(0, $sentBytes),
+            ':received_bytes' => max(0, $receivedBytes),
+            ':total_bytes' => max(0, $sentBytes + $receivedBytes),
+            ':carrier_estimated_bytes' => $carrierEstimatedBytes,
+            ':tcp_ok' => $tcpOk ? 1 : 0,
+            ':tcp_error' => $tcpError !== '' ? substr($tcpError, 0, 100) : null,
+            ':request_id' => $requestId,
+        ]);
+    } catch (Throwable $e) {
+        // 사용량 기록 실패가 차량 제어/조회 자체를 막으면 안 된다.
+    }
+}
+
+function carrier_billing_bytes(int $payloadBytes): int
+{
+    $payloadBytes = max(0, $payloadBytes);
+    if ($payloadBytes <= 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return (int)(ceil($payloadBytes / CARRIER_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) * CARRIER_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES);
+}
+
+function db_ensure_data_usage_schema(PDO $pdo): void
+{
+    static $done = false;
+    if ($done) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        $stmt = $pdo->query("SHOW COLUMNS FROM car_data_usage LIKE 'carrier_estimated_bytes'");
+        if (!$stmt || !$stmt->fetch()) {
+            $pdo->exec("ALTER TABLE car_data_usage ADD COLUMN carrier_estimated_bytes INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AFTER total_bytes");
+        }
+    } catch (Throwable $e) {
+        // 스키마 보강 실패가 차량 제어/조회 자체를 막으면 안 된다.
+    }
+
+    $done = true;
+}
+
+function record_tcp_usage(
+    string $source,
+    string $cmd,
+    int $sentBytes,
+    int $receivedBytes,
+    bool $tcpOk,
+    string $tcpError = '',
+    ?string $requestId = null
+): void {
+    db_insert_data_usage(
+        db(),
+        $source,
+        $cmd,
+        $sentBytes,
+        $receivedBytes,
+        $tcpOk,
+        $tcpError,
+        $requestId
+    );
+}
+
+function tcp_request_payload(string $cmd): string
+{
+    return json_encode([
+        'type' => 'R',
+        'type_sub' => 'car_controll',
+        'data' => [
+            'command' => '+SCMD=' . MODEM . '/C:' . $cmd,
+            'modem'   => MODEM,
+            'user'    => USER,
+            'uid'     => UID,
+            'type'    => TYPE,
+        ],
+    ], JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
+}
+
+function db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema(PDO $pdo): void
+{
+    static $done = false;
+    if ($done) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $pdo->exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS car_tcp_request_queue (
+        id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
+        request_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+        car_id VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'car',
+        created_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
+        updated_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
+        source VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
+        cmd VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
+        status VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+        request_payload MEDIUMTEXT NOT NULL,
+        sent_bytes INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        received_bytes INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        total_bytes INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        tcp_ok TINYINT NULL,
+        tcp_error VARCHAR(100) NULL,
+        raw_full MEDIUMTEXT NULL,
+        connect_ms INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        read_ms INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        tcp_ms INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        ui_deadline_ts DOUBLE NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        usage_deadline_ts DOUBLE NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        worker_pid INT NULL,
+        KEY idx_status_id (status, id),
+        KEY idx_request_id (request_id)
+    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4");
+
+    $done = true;
+}
+
+function tcp_queue_now(): string
+{
+    return date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+}
+
+function tcp_queue_update(PDO $pdo, string $requestId, array $values): void
+{
+    if (!$values) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $values['updated_at'] = tcp_queue_now();
+    $sets = [];
+    $params = [':request_id' => $requestId];
+
+    foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
+        $param = ':' . $key;
+        $sets[] = "$key = $param";
+        $params[$param] = $value;
+    }
+
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE car_tcp_request_queue SET " . implode(', ', $sets) . " WHERE request_id = :request_id");
+    $stmt->execute($params);
+}
+
 function tcp_queue_insert(string $cmd, string $usageSource, string $requestId): array
 {
-    $pdo = db();
+    $pdo = db(true);
     db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema($pdo);
-
-    $now = microtime(true);
-    $payload = tcp_request_payload($cmd);
-
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO car_tcp_request_queue (
-        request_id, car_id, created_at, updated_at, source, cmd, status,
-        request_payload, ui_deadline_ts, usage_deadline_ts
-    ) VALUES (
-        :request_id, 'car', :created_at, :updated_at, :source, :cmd, 'queued',
-        :request_payload, :ui_deadline_ts, :usage_deadline_ts
-    )");
-    $stmt->execute([
-        ':request_id' => $requestId,
-        ':created_at' => tcp_queue_now(),
-        ':updated_at' => tcp_queue_now(),
-        ':source' => substr($usageSource, 0, 20),
-        ':cmd' => substr($cmd, 0, 10),
-        ':request_payload' => $payload,
-        ':ui_deadline_ts' => $now + TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT,
-        ':usage_deadline_ts' => $now + TCP_USAGE_SETTLEMENT_TIMEOUT,
-    ]);
-
-    return [
-        'request_id' => $requestId,
-        'cmd' => $cmd,
-        'source' => $usageSource,
-        'request_payload' => $payload,
-        'ui_deadline_ts' => $now + TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT,
-        'usage_deadline_ts' => $now + TCP_USAGE_SETTLEMENT_TIMEOUT,
-    ];
+
+    $now = microtime(true);
+    $payload = tcp_request_payload($cmd);
+
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO car_tcp_request_queue (
+        request_id, car_id, created_at, updated_at, source, cmd, status,
+        request_payload, ui_deadline_ts, usage_deadline_ts
+    ) VALUES (
+        :request_id, 'car', :created_at, :updated_at, :source, :cmd, 'queued',
+        :request_payload, :ui_deadline_ts, :usage_deadline_ts
+    )");
+    $stmt->execute([
+        ':request_id' => $requestId,
+        ':created_at' => tcp_queue_now(),
+        ':updated_at' => tcp_queue_now(),
+        ':source' => substr($usageSource, 0, 20),
+        ':cmd' => substr($cmd, 0, 10),
+        ':request_payload' => $payload,
+        ':ui_deadline_ts' => $now + TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT,
+        ':usage_deadline_ts' => $now + TCP_USAGE_SETTLEMENT_TIMEOUT,
+    ]);
+
+    return [
+        'request_id' => $requestId,
+        'cmd' => $cmd,
+        'source' => $usageSource,
+        'request_payload' => $payload,
+        'ui_deadline_ts' => $now + TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT,
+        'usage_deadline_ts' => $now + TCP_USAGE_SETTLEMENT_TIMEOUT,
+    ];
 }
 
-function tcp_queue_get(string $requestId): ?array
+function tcp_queue_has_pending_collector_se(PDO $pdo): bool
 {
-    $pdo = db();
     db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema($pdo);
+    tcp_queue_expire_queued_before_send($pdo);
 
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM car_tcp_request_queue WHERE request_id = :request_id LIMIT 1");
-    $stmt->execute([':request_id' => $requestId]);
-    $row = $stmt->fetch();
-    return $row ?: null;
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("
+        SELECT 1
+        FROM car_tcp_request_queue
+        WHERE source = 'collector_se'
+          AND cmd = 'se'
+          AND status IN ('queued', 'processing', 'ui_timeout_pending')
+          AND usage_deadline_ts > :now
+        LIMIT 1
+    ");
+    $stmt->execute([':now' => microtime(true)]);
+
+    return (bool)$stmt->fetchColumn();
 }
-
+
+function tcp_queue_get(string $requestId): ?array
+{
+    $pdo = db();
+    db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema($pdo);
+
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM car_tcp_request_queue WHERE request_id = :request_id LIMIT 1");
+    $stmt->execute([':request_id' => $requestId]);
+    $row = $stmt->fetch();
+    return $row ?: null;
+}
+
 function tcp_queue_claim_next(PDO $pdo): ?array
 {
     db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema($pdo);
@@ -323,385 +343,435 @@ function tcp_queue_claim_next(PDO $pdo): ?array
 
     $pdo->beginTransaction();
     try {
-        $stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT * FROM car_tcp_request_queue WHERE status = 'queued' ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 1 FOR UPDATE");
-        $row = $stmt->fetch();
-        if (!$row) {
-            $pdo->commit();
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        $update = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE car_tcp_request_queue SET status = 'processing', updated_at = :updated_at, worker_pid = :worker_pid WHERE request_id = :request_id");
-        $update->execute([
-            ':updated_at' => tcp_queue_now(),
-            ':worker_pid' => getmypid() ?: null,
-            ':request_id' => $row['request_id'],
-        ]);
-        $pdo->commit();
-
-        $row['status'] = 'processing';
-        $row['worker_pid'] = getmypid() ?: null;
-        return $row;
-    } catch (Throwable $e) {
-        if ($pdo->inTransaction()) {
-            $pdo->rollBack();
-        }
-        throw $e;
-    }
+        $stmt = $pdo->query("
+            SELECT *
+            FROM car_tcp_request_queue
+            WHERE status = 'queued'
+            ORDER BY
+                CASE WHEN cmd IN ('ef', 'en', 'hn', 'hf', 'dl', 'du', 'tu') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END,
+                id ASC
+            LIMIT 1
+            FOR UPDATE
+        ");
+        $row = $stmt->fetch();
+        if (!$row) {
+            $pdo->commit();
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $update = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE car_tcp_request_queue SET status = 'processing', updated_at = :updated_at, worker_pid = :worker_pid WHERE request_id = :request_id");
+        $update->execute([
+            ':updated_at' => tcp_queue_now(),
+            ':worker_pid' => getmypid() ?: null,
+            ':request_id' => $row['request_id'],
+        ]);
+        $pdo->commit();
+
+        $row['status'] = 'processing';
+        $row['worker_pid'] = getmypid() ?: null;
+        return $row;
+    } catch (Throwable $e) {
+        if ($pdo->inTransaction()) {
+            $pdo->rollBack();
+        }
+        throw $e;
+    }
+}
+
+function tcp_queue_has_usage(PDO $pdo, string $requestId): bool
+{
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT 1 FROM car_data_usage WHERE request_id = :request_id LIMIT 1");
+    $stmt->execute([':request_id' => $requestId]);
+    return (bool)$stmt->fetchColumn();
 }
 
-function tcp_queue_has_usage(PDO $pdo, string $requestId): bool
+function tcp_queue_expire_queued_before_send(PDO $pdo): void
 {
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT 1 FROM car_data_usage WHERE request_id = :request_id LIMIT 1");
-    $stmt->execute([':request_id' => $requestId]);
-    return (bool)$stmt->fetchColumn();
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("
+        UPDATE car_tcp_request_queue
+        SET status = 'expired_before_send',
+            updated_at = :updated_at,
+            tcp_ok = 0,
+            tcp_error = 'queue_expired_before_send',
+            sent_bytes = 0,
+            received_bytes = 0,
+            total_bytes = 0,
+            connect_ms = 0,
+            read_ms = 0,
+            tcp_ms = 0
+        WHERE status = 'queued'
+          AND ui_deadline_ts > 0
+          AND ui_deadline_ts < :now
+        ORDER BY id ASC
+        LIMIT " . TCP_STALE_QUEUE_BATCH_LIMIT
+    );
+    $stmt->execute([
+        ':updated_at' => tcp_queue_now(),
+        ':now' => microtime(true),
+    ]);
 }
 
 function tcp_queue_recover_stale(PDO $pdo): void
 {
+    tcp_queue_expire_queued_before_send($pdo);
+
     $now = microtime(true);
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("
-        SELECT *
-        FROM car_tcp_request_queue
-        WHERE status IN ('processing', 'ui_timeout_pending')
-          AND usage_deadline_ts > 0
-          AND usage_deadline_ts < :now
-        ORDER BY id ASC
-        LIMIT 20
-    ");
-    $stmt->execute([':now' => $now]);
-    $rows = $stmt->fetchAll();
-
-    foreach ($rows as $row) {
-        $requestId = (string)($row['request_id'] ?? '');
-        if ($requestId === '') {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        $sentBytes = max(0, (int)($row['sent_bytes'] ?? 0));
-        $receivedBytes = max(0, (int)($row['received_bytes'] ?? 0));
-        $connectMs = max(0, (int)($row['connect_ms'] ?? 0));
-        $readMs = max(0, (int)($row['read_ms'] ?? 0));
-        $hasUsage = tcp_queue_has_usage($pdo, $requestId);
-
-        if ($hasUsage) {
-            tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
-                'status' => 'worker_lost_usage_recorded',
-                'tcp_ok' => 0,
-                'tcp_error' => 'worker_lost_after_usage_recorded',
-            ]);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if ($sentBytes <= 0) {
-            tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status(
-                $pdo,
-                $row,
-                'expired_before_send',
-                0,
-                0,
-                false,
-                'worker_lost_before_send',
-                '',
-                $connectMs,
-                $readMs
-            );
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status(
-            $pdo,
-            $row,
-            'settled_sent_only',
-            $sentBytes,
-            $receivedBytes,
-            false,
-            'worker_lost_late_settlement_sent_only',
-            '',
-            $connectMs,
-            $readMs
-        );
-    }
-}
-
-function tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status(
-    PDO $pdo,
-    array $job,
-    string $status,
-    int $sentBytes,
-    int $receivedBytes,
-    bool $tcpOk,
-    string $tcpError,
-    string $rawFull = '',
-    int $connectMs = 0,
-    int $readMs = 0
-): void {
-    $requestId = (string)$job['request_id'];
-    $source = (string)$job['source'];
-    $cmd = (string)$job['cmd'];
-
-    db_insert_data_usage($pdo, $source, $cmd, $sentBytes, $receivedBytes, $tcpOk, $tcpError, $requestId);
-
-    tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
-        'status' => $status,
-        'sent_bytes' => max(0, $sentBytes),
-        'received_bytes' => max(0, $receivedBytes),
-        'total_bytes' => max(0, $sentBytes + $receivedBytes),
-        'tcp_ok' => $tcpOk ? 1 : 0,
-        'tcp_error' => $tcpError !== '' ? substr($tcpError, 0, 100) : null,
-        'raw_full' => $rawFull !== '' ? $rawFull : null,
-        'connect_ms' => max(0, $connectMs),
-        'read_ms' => max(0, $readMs),
-        'tcp_ms' => max(0, $connectMs + $readMs),
-    ]);
-}
-
-function tcp_queue_maybe_store_status(PDO $pdo, array $job, string $rawFull): void
-{
-    $trimError = '';
-    $rawTrim = make_trim($rawFull, $trimError);
-    if ($rawTrim === '') {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $data = parse_trim($rawTrim);
-    if (!is_valid_status_data($data)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    db_insert_status($pdo, (string)$job['cmd'], $rawFull, $rawTrim, $data);
-}
-
-function tcp_worker_process_job(array $job): void
-{
-    $pdo = db(true);
-    db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema($pdo);
-
-    $cmd = (string)$job['cmd'];
-    $requestId = (string)$job['request_id'];
-    $payload = (string)$job['request_payload'];
-    $uiDeadline = (float)$job['ui_deadline_ts'];
-    $usageDeadline = (float)$job['usage_deadline_ts'];
-    $connectStart = microtime(true);
-    $sentBytes = 0;
-    $receivedBytes = 0;
-    $response = '';
-    $tcpError = '';
-    $uiTimedOut = false;
-
-    if (microtime(true) >= $uiDeadline) {
-        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, 'expired_before_send', 0, 0, false, 'queue_expired_before_send', '', 0, 0);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $connectTimeout = max(0.01, min(TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT, $uiDeadline - microtime(true)));
-    $fp = @stream_socket_client("tcp://" . TCP_HOST . ":" . TCP_PORT, $errno, $errstr, $connectTimeout);
-    $connectMs = (int)round((microtime(true) - $connectStart) * 1000);
-
-    if (!$fp) {
-        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, 'connect_error', 0, 0, false, "connect_error: $errno $errstr", '', $connectMs, 0);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    stream_set_blocking($fp, false);
-    $written = @fwrite($fp, $payload);
-    if ($written === false || $written < strlen($payload)) {
-        $sentBytes = ($written === false) ? 0 : (int)$written;
-        @fclose($fp);
-        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, 'write_failed', $sentBytes, 0, false, 'write_failed', '', $connectMs, 0);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $sentBytes = (int)$written;
-    tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
-        'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
-        'total_bytes' => $sentBytes,
-    ]);
-
-    $readStart = microtime(true);
-    while (microtime(true) < $usageDeadline) {
-        $now = microtime(true);
-
-        if (!$uiTimedOut && $now >= $uiDeadline) {
-            $uiTimedOut = true;
-            tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
-                'status' => 'ui_timeout_pending',
-                'tcp_error' => 'total_timeout_4_95s_late_settlement_pending',
-                'received_bytes' => strlen($response),
-                'total_bytes' => $sentBytes + strlen($response),
-                'connect_ms' => $connectMs,
-                'read_ms' => (int)round(($now - $readStart) * 1000),
-                'tcp_ms' => $connectMs + (int)round(($now - $readStart) * 1000),
-            ]);
-        }
-
-        $nextWake = min($usageDeadline, $uiTimedOut ? $now + 1.0 : $uiDeadline);
-        $wait = max(0.001, min(1.0, $nextWake - $now));
-        $sec = (int)$wait;
-        $usec = (int)(($wait - $sec) * 1000000);
-
-        $read = [$fp];
-        $w = null;
-        $e = null;
-        $sel = @stream_select($read, $w, $e, $sec, $usec);
-        if ($sel === false) {
-            $tcpError = 'stream_select_failed';
-            break;
-        }
-
-        if ($sel > 0) {
-            $chunk = @fread($fp, 4096);
-            if ($chunk === false) {
-                $tcpError = 'read_failed';
-                break;
-            }
-
-            if ($chunk !== '') {
-                $response .= $chunk;
-                $receivedBytes = strlen($response);
-                tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
-                    'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
-                    'total_bytes' => $sentBytes + $receivedBytes,
-                ]);
-
-                if (preg_match(RAW_FULL_REGEX, trim($response))) {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (feof($fp)) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @fclose($fp);
-
-    $readMs = (int)round((microtime(true) - $readStart) * 1000);
-    $receivedBytes = strlen($response);
-    $trimmed = trim($response);
-
-    if ($trimmed === '') {
-        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, 'settled_sent_only', $sentBytes, 0, false, 'late_total_timeout_60s_sent_only', '', $connectMs, $readMs);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (!preg_match(RAW_FULL_REGEX, $trimmed)) {
-        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status(
-            $pdo,
-            $job,
-            'settled_partial',
-            $sentBytes,
-            $receivedBytes,
-            false,
-            $tcpError !== '' ? $tcpError : 'late_invalid_or_partial_response',
-            $trimmed,
-            $connectMs,
-            $readMs
-        );
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $status = $uiTimedOut ? 'settled_late' : 'settled';
-    $error = $uiTimedOut ? 'late_response_after_ui_timeout' : '';
-    tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, $status, $sentBytes, $receivedBytes, true, $error, $trimmed, $connectMs, $readMs);
-    if ($uiTimedOut) {
-        tcp_queue_maybe_store_status($pdo, $job, $trimmed);
-    }
-}
-
-function tcp_request_wait_for_queue(
-    string $requestId,
-    int &$tcpMs,
-    int &$connectMs,
-    int &$readMs,
-    string &$tcpError,
-    int &$sentBytes,
-    int &$receivedBytes
-): string {
-    $deadline = microtime(true) + TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT;
-
-    while (microtime(true) < $deadline) {
-        $row = tcp_queue_get($requestId);
-        if (!$row) {
-            usleep(50000);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        $status = (string)$row['status'];
-        $sentBytes = (int)($row['sent_bytes'] ?? 0);
-        $receivedBytes = (int)($row['received_bytes'] ?? 0);
-        $connectMs = (int)($row['connect_ms'] ?? 0);
-        $readMs = (int)($row['read_ms'] ?? 0);
-        $tcpMs = (int)($row['tcp_ms'] ?? ($connectMs + $readMs));
-        $tcpError = (string)($row['tcp_error'] ?? '');
-
-        if ($status === 'settled' && (int)($row['tcp_ok'] ?? 0) === 1) {
-            return (string)($row['raw_full'] ?? '');
-        }
-
-        if (in_array($status, ['ui_timeout_pending', 'connect_error', 'write_failed', 'settled_sent_only', 'settled_partial'], true)) {
-            if ($tcpError === '') {
-                $tcpError = $status;
-            }
-            return '';
-        }
-
-        usleep(50000);
-    }
-
-    $row = tcp_queue_get($requestId);
-    if ($row) {
-        $sentBytes = (int)($row['sent_bytes'] ?? 0);
-        $receivedBytes = (int)($row['received_bytes'] ?? 0);
-        $connectMs = (int)($row['connect_ms'] ?? 0);
-        $readMs = (int)($row['read_ms'] ?? 0);
-        $tcpMs = (int)($row['tcp_ms'] ?? ($connectMs + $readMs));
-    }
-    $tcpError = 'queue_wait_timeout_late_settlement_pending';
-    return '';
-}
-
-function tcp_request(
-    string $cmd,
-    int &$tcpMs,
-    int &$connectMs,
-    int &$readMs,
-    string &$tcpError,
-    string $usageSource = 'api_control',
-    ?string $requestId = null,
-    int &$sentBytes = 0,
-    int &$receivedBytes = 0
-): string
-{
-    $tcpMs = 0;
-    $connectMs = 0;
-    $readMs = 0;
-    $tcpError = '';
-    $sentBytes = 0;
-    $receivedBytes = 0;
-
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("
+        SELECT *
+        FROM car_tcp_request_queue
+        WHERE status IN ('processing', 'ui_timeout_pending')
+          AND usage_deadline_ts > 0
+          AND usage_deadline_ts < :now
+        ORDER BY id ASC
+        LIMIT 20
+    ");
+    $stmt->execute([':now' => $now]);
+    $rows = $stmt->fetchAll();
+
+    foreach ($rows as $row) {
+        $requestId = (string)($row['request_id'] ?? '');
+        if ($requestId === '') {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        $sentBytes = max(0, (int)($row['sent_bytes'] ?? 0));
+        $receivedBytes = max(0, (int)($row['received_bytes'] ?? 0));
+        $connectMs = max(0, (int)($row['connect_ms'] ?? 0));
+        $readMs = max(0, (int)($row['read_ms'] ?? 0));
+        $hasUsage = tcp_queue_has_usage($pdo, $requestId);
+
+        if ($hasUsage) {
+            tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
+                'status' => 'worker_lost_usage_recorded',
+                'tcp_ok' => 0,
+                'tcp_error' => 'worker_lost_after_usage_recorded',
+            ]);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if ($sentBytes <= 0) {
+            tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status(
+                $pdo,
+                $row,
+                'expired_before_send',
+                0,
+                0,
+                false,
+                'worker_lost_before_send',
+                '',
+                $connectMs,
+                $readMs
+            );
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status(
+            $pdo,
+            $row,
+            'settled_sent_only',
+            $sentBytes,
+            $receivedBytes,
+            false,
+            'worker_lost_late_settlement_sent_only',
+            '',
+            $connectMs,
+            $readMs
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+function tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status(
+    PDO $pdo,
+    array $job,
+    string $status,
+    int $sentBytes,
+    int $receivedBytes,
+    bool $tcpOk,
+    string $tcpError,
+    string $rawFull = '',
+    int $connectMs = 0,
+    int $readMs = 0
+): void {
+    $requestId = (string)$job['request_id'];
+    $source = (string)$job['source'];
+    $cmd = (string)$job['cmd'];
+
+    db_insert_data_usage($pdo, $source, $cmd, $sentBytes, $receivedBytes, $tcpOk, $tcpError, $requestId);
+
+    tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
+        'status' => $status,
+        'sent_bytes' => max(0, $sentBytes),
+        'received_bytes' => max(0, $receivedBytes),
+        'total_bytes' => max(0, $sentBytes + $receivedBytes),
+        'tcp_ok' => $tcpOk ? 1 : 0,
+        'tcp_error' => $tcpError !== '' ? substr($tcpError, 0, 100) : null,
+        'raw_full' => $rawFull !== '' ? $rawFull : null,
+        'connect_ms' => max(0, $connectMs),
+        'read_ms' => max(0, $readMs),
+        'tcp_ms' => max(0, $connectMs + $readMs),
+    ]);
+}
+
+function tcp_queue_maybe_store_status(PDO $pdo, array $job, string $rawFull): void
+{
+    $trimError = '';
+    $rawTrim = make_trim($rawFull, $trimError);
+    if ($rawTrim === '') {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $data = parse_trim($rawTrim);
+    if (!is_valid_status_data($data)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    db_insert_status($pdo, (string)$job['cmd'], $rawFull, $rawTrim, $data);
+}
+
+function tcp_worker_process_job(array $job): void
+{
+    $pdo = db(true);
+    db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema($pdo);
+
+    $cmd = (string)$job['cmd'];
+    $requestId = (string)$job['request_id'];
+    $payload = (string)$job['request_payload'];
+    $uiDeadline = (float)$job['ui_deadline_ts'];
+    $usageDeadline = (float)$job['usage_deadline_ts'];
+    $connectStart = microtime(true);
+    $sentBytes = 0;
+    $receivedBytes = 0;
+    $response = '';
+    $tcpError = '';
+    $uiTimedOut = false;
+
+    if (microtime(true) >= $uiDeadline) {
+        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, 'expired_before_send', 0, 0, false, 'queue_expired_before_send', '', 0, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $connectTimeout = max(0.01, min(TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT, $uiDeadline - microtime(true)));
+    $fp = @stream_socket_client("tcp://" . TCP_HOST . ":" . TCP_PORT, $errno, $errstr, $connectTimeout);
+    $connectMs = (int)round((microtime(true) - $connectStart) * 1000);
+
+    if (!$fp) {
+        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, 'connect_error', 0, 0, false, "connect_error: $errno $errstr", '', $connectMs, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    stream_set_blocking($fp, false);
+    $written = @fwrite($fp, $payload);
+    if ($written === false || $written < strlen($payload)) {
+        $sentBytes = ($written === false) ? 0 : (int)$written;
+        @fclose($fp);
+        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, 'write_failed', $sentBytes, 0, false, 'write_failed', '', $connectMs, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $sentBytes = (int)$written;
+    tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
+        'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
+        'total_bytes' => $sentBytes,
+    ]);
+
+    $readStart = microtime(true);
+    while (microtime(true) < $usageDeadline) {
+        $now = microtime(true);
+
+        if (!$uiTimedOut && $now >= $uiDeadline) {
+            $uiTimedOut = true;
+            tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
+                'status' => 'ui_timeout_pending',
+                'tcp_error' => 'total_timeout_4_95s_late_settlement_pending',
+                'received_bytes' => strlen($response),
+                'total_bytes' => $sentBytes + strlen($response),
+                'connect_ms' => $connectMs,
+                'read_ms' => (int)round(($now - $readStart) * 1000),
+                'tcp_ms' => $connectMs + (int)round(($now - $readStart) * 1000),
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        $nextWake = min($usageDeadline, $uiTimedOut ? $now + 1.0 : $uiDeadline);
+        $wait = max(0.001, min(1.0, $nextWake - $now));
+        $sec = (int)$wait;
+        $usec = (int)(($wait - $sec) * 1000000);
+
+        $read = [$fp];
+        $w = null;
+        $e = null;
+        $sel = @stream_select($read, $w, $e, $sec, $usec);
+        if ($sel === false) {
+            $tcpError = 'stream_select_failed';
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if ($sel > 0) {
+            $chunk = @fread($fp, 4096);
+            if ($chunk === false) {
+                $tcpError = 'read_failed';
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if ($chunk !== '') {
+                $response .= $chunk;
+                $receivedBytes = strlen($response);
+                tcp_queue_update($pdo, $requestId, [
+                    'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
+                    'total_bytes' => $sentBytes + $receivedBytes,
+                ]);
+
+                if (preg_match(RAW_FULL_REGEX, trim($response))) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (feof($fp)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @fclose($fp);
+
+    $readMs = (int)round((microtime(true) - $readStart) * 1000);
+    $receivedBytes = strlen($response);
+    $trimmed = trim($response);
+
+    if ($trimmed === '') {
+        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, 'settled_sent_only', $sentBytes, 0, false, 'late_total_timeout_60s_sent_only', '', $connectMs, $readMs);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!preg_match(RAW_FULL_REGEX, $trimmed)) {
+        tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status(
+            $pdo,
+            $job,
+            'settled_partial',
+            $sentBytes,
+            $receivedBytes,
+            false,
+            $tcpError !== '' ? $tcpError : 'late_invalid_or_partial_response',
+            $trimmed,
+            $connectMs,
+            $readMs
+        );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $status = $uiTimedOut ? 'settled_late' : 'settled';
+    $error = $uiTimedOut ? 'late_response_after_ui_timeout' : '';
+    tcp_queue_record_usage_and_status($pdo, $job, $status, $sentBytes, $receivedBytes, true, $error, $trimmed, $connectMs, $readMs);
+    if ($uiTimedOut) {
+        tcp_queue_maybe_store_status($pdo, $job, $trimmed);
+    }
+}
+
+function tcp_request_wait_for_queue(
+    string $requestId,
+    int &$tcpMs,
+    int &$connectMs,
+    int &$readMs,
+    string &$tcpError,
+    int &$sentBytes,
+    int &$receivedBytes
+): string {
+    $deadline = microtime(true) + TCP_TOTAL_TIMEOUT;
+
+    while (microtime(true) < $deadline) {
+        $row = tcp_queue_get($requestId);
+        if (!$row) {
+            usleep(50000);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        $status = (string)$row['status'];
+        $sentBytes = (int)($row['sent_bytes'] ?? 0);
+        $receivedBytes = (int)($row['received_bytes'] ?? 0);
+        $connectMs = (int)($row['connect_ms'] ?? 0);
+        $readMs = (int)($row['read_ms'] ?? 0);
+        $tcpMs = (int)($row['tcp_ms'] ?? ($connectMs + $readMs));
+        $tcpError = (string)($row['tcp_error'] ?? '');
+
+        if ($status === 'settled' && (int)($row['tcp_ok'] ?? 0) === 1) {
+            return (string)($row['raw_full'] ?? '');
+        }
+
+        if (in_array($status, ['ui_timeout_pending', 'connect_error', 'write_failed', 'settled_sent_only', 'settled_partial'], true)) {
+            if ($tcpError === '') {
+                $tcpError = $status;
+            }
+            return '';
+        }
+
+        usleep(50000);
+    }
+
+    $row = tcp_queue_get($requestId);
+    if ($row) {
+        $sentBytes = (int)($row['sent_bytes'] ?? 0);
+        $receivedBytes = (int)($row['received_bytes'] ?? 0);
+        $connectMs = (int)($row['connect_ms'] ?? 0);
+        $readMs = (int)($row['read_ms'] ?? 0);
+        $tcpMs = (int)($row['tcp_ms'] ?? ($connectMs + $readMs));
+    }
+    $tcpError = 'queue_wait_timeout_late_settlement_pending';
+    return '';
+}
+
+function tcp_request(
+    string $cmd,
+    int &$tcpMs,
+    int &$connectMs,
+    int &$readMs,
+    string &$tcpError,
+    string $usageSource = 'api_control',
+    ?string $requestId = null,
+    int &$sentBytes = 0,
+    int &$receivedBytes = 0
+): string
+{
+    $tcpMs = 0;
+    $connectMs = 0;
+    $readMs = 0;
+    $tcpError = '';
+    $sentBytes = 0;
+    $receivedBytes = 0;
+
     if ($requestId === null || $requestId === '') {
         $requestId = substr(bin2hex(random_bytes(16)), 0, 32);
     }
 
+    if ($cmd === 'se' && $usageSource === 'collector_se') {
+        try {
+            if (tcp_queue_has_pending_collector_se(db(true))) {
+                $tcpError = 'skipped_duplicate_pending_collector_se';
+                return '';
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $tcpError = 'queue_pending_check_failed';
+            record_tcp_usage($usageSource, $cmd, 0, 0, false, $tcpError, $requestId);
+            return '';
+        }
+    }
+
     try {
         tcp_queue_insert($cmd, $usageSource, $requestId);
     } catch (Throwable $e) {
-        $tcpError = 'queue_insert_failed';
-        record_tcp_usage($usageSource, $cmd, 0, 0, false, $tcpError, $requestId);
-        return '';
-    }
-
-    return tcp_request_wait_for_queue(
-        $requestId,
-        $tcpMs,
-        $connectMs,
-        $readMs,
-        $tcpError,
-        $sentBytes,
-        $receivedBytes
-    );
-}
+        $tcpError = 'queue_insert_failed';
+        record_tcp_usage($usageSource, $cmd, 0, 0, false, $tcpError, $requestId);
+        return '';
+    }
+
+    return tcp_request_wait_for_queue(
+        $requestId,
+        $tcpMs,
+        $connectMs,
+        $readMs,
+        $tcpError,
+        $sentBytes,
+        $receivedBytes
+    );
+}
 
 function make_trim(string $rawFull, string &$trimError = ''): string
 {
@@ -813,14 +883,14 @@ function is_valid_status_data(array $data): bool
     return true;
 }
 
-function db_insert_status(
+function db_insert_status(
     PDO $pdo,
     string $cmd,
     string $rawFull,
     string $rawTrim,
     array $data
-): void {
-    $v = (float)($data['battery_voltage'] ?? 0);
+): void {
+    $v = (float)($data['battery_voltage'] ?? 0);
 
     // 1V는 저장 금지
     if ($v <= 1.0) {
@@ -835,28 +905,28 @@ function db_insert_status(
         (int)$data['remote_start_preparing'] === 1 ||
         (int)$data['remote_start_running'] === 1;
 
-    if (!$engineOn && $v >= 14.2) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $ts = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
-
-    $dupStmt = $pdo->prepare(""
-        . "SELECT seq FROM car_status "
-        . "WHERE id='car' AND ts = :ts AND cmd <=> :cmd AND raw_trim <=> :raw_trim "
-        . "ORDER BY seq ASC LIMIT 1"
-    );
-    $dupStmt->execute([
-        ':ts' => $ts,
-        ':cmd' => $cmd,
-        ':raw_trim' => $rawTrim,
-    ]);
-
-    if ($dupStmt->fetchColumn()) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $sql = "INSERT INTO car_status (
+    if (!$engineOn && $v >= 14.2) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $ts = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+
+    $dupStmt = $pdo->prepare(""
+        . "SELECT seq FROM car_status "
+        . "WHERE id='car' AND ts = :ts AND cmd <=> :cmd AND raw_trim <=> :raw_trim "
+        . "ORDER BY seq ASC LIMIT 1"
+    );
+    $dupStmt->execute([
+        ':ts' => $ts,
+        ':cmd' => $cmd,
+        ':raw_trim' => $rawTrim,
+    ]);
+
+    if ($dupStmt->fetchColumn()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $sql = "INSERT INTO car_status (
         id, ts, cmd,
         boundary, engine, driving, battery_voltage,
         door_fl, door_fr, door_rl, door_rr, door_trunk,
@@ -870,10 +940,10 @@ function db_insert_status(
         :hazard, :raw_full, :raw_trim
     )";
 
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
-    $stmt->execute([
-        ':ts' => $ts,
-        ':cmd' => $cmd,
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
+    $stmt->execute([
+        ':ts' => $ts,
+        ':cmd' => $cmd,
 
         ':boundary' => $data['boundary'],
         ':engine' => $data['engine'],
@@ -897,30 +967,30 @@ function db_insert_status(
     ]);
 }
 
-function db_latest(PDO $pdo): ?array
-{
-    $stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT * FROM car_status WHERE id='car' ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 1");
-    $row = $stmt->fetch();
-    return $row ?: null;
-}
-
-function db_latest_usage(PDO $pdo): ?array
-{
-    $stmt = $pdo->query("
-        SELECT ts, source, cmd, sent_bytes, received_bytes, total_bytes, tcp_ok, tcp_error
-        FROM car_data_usage
-        WHERE id='car'
-        ORDER BY ts DESC
-        LIMIT 1
-    ");
-    $row = $stmt->fetch();
-    return $row ?: null;
-}
-
-function db_logs(PDO $pdo, int $limit): array
-{
-    $limit = max(1, min(500, $limit));
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT ts, cmd, raw_full, raw_trim FROM car_status WHERE id='car' ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT $limit");
-    $stmt->execute();
+function db_latest(PDO $pdo): ?array
+{
+    $stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT * FROM car_status WHERE id='car' ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 1");
+    $row = $stmt->fetch();
+    return $row ?: null;
+}
+
+function db_latest_usage(PDO $pdo): ?array
+{
+    $stmt = $pdo->query("
+        SELECT ts, source, cmd, sent_bytes, received_bytes, total_bytes, tcp_ok, tcp_error
+        FROM car_data_usage
+        WHERE id='car'
+        ORDER BY ts DESC
+        LIMIT 1
+    ");
+    $row = $stmt->fetch();
+    return $row ?: null;
+}
+
+function db_logs(PDO $pdo, int $limit): array
+{
+    $limit = max(1, min(500, $limit));
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT ts, cmd, raw_full, raw_trim FROM car_status WHERE id='car' ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT $limit");
+    $stmt->execute();
     return $stmt->fetchAll();
 }
diff --git a/monitor.php b/monitor.php
index 49defe8..f38ad5d 100644
--- a/monitor.php
+++ b/monitor.php
@@ -3,3597 +3,3493 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Seoul');
 
-$carSecretFile = '/home/seo/secret/car.php';
-if (!is_file($carSecretFile)) {
-    throw new RuntimeException('Missing car secret config: ' . $carSecretFile);
-}
-
-$carSecretConfig = require $carSecretFile;
-$carDbConfig = is_array($carSecretConfig['db'] ?? null) ? $carSecretConfig['db'] : [];
-
-define('DB_HOST', (string)($carDbConfig['host'] ?? '127.0.0.1'));
-define('DB_NAME', (string)($carDbConfig['name'] ?? 'car'));
-define('DB_USER', (string)($carDbConfig['user'] ?? 'car'));
-define('DB_PASS', (string)($carDbConfig['pass'] ?? ''));
-define('DB_CHARSET', (string)($carDbConfig['charset'] ?? 'utf8mb4'));
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../common/auth.php';
 
+$carSecretFile = __DIR__ . '/../../config/car.php';
+if (!is_file($carSecretFile)) {
+    throw new RuntimeException('Missing car secret config: ' . $carSecretFile);
+}
+
+$carSecretConfig = require $carSecretFile;
+$carDbConfig = is_array($carSecretConfig['db'] ?? null) ? $carSecretConfig['db'] : [];
+
+define('DB_HOST', (string)($carDbConfig['host'] ?? '127.0.0.1'));
+define('DB_NAME', (string)($carDbConfig['name'] ?? 'car'));
+define('DB_USER', (string)($carDbConfig['user'] ?? 'car'));
+define('DB_PASS', (string)($carDbConfig['pass'] ?? ''));
+define('DB_CHARSET', (string)($carDbConfig['charset'] ?? 'utf8mb4'));
+
 const LOG_LIMIT = 300;
 const CHART_LIMIT = 500;
-const CAR_MONITOR_COOKIE = 'car_monitor_access';
-const CAR_MONITOR_AUTH_TTL = 2592000;
 const CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_COOKIE = 'car_monitor_settings_access';
-const CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_TTL = 900;
-const CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_PASSWORD = '1026!)Corjs';
-const DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES = 104857600; // 100MB
-const DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES = 512; // 0.5KB
-const DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW = 0.011;
-const DATA_MONTHLY_BASE_FEE_KRW = 5500;
-const DATA_MONTHLY_ADDON_FEE_KRW = 2200;
-const RECEIVE_GAP_LIMIT_SEC = 60;
-
-// SKT T world "잔여기본통화 정보" 기준 현재월 누적값.
-// carrier_total_bytes / meter_adjusted_bytes 로 보정 배율을 역산해 통신사 과금 단위 계측값에 적용한다.
-const DATA_CURRENT_BILLING_USAGE_BYTES = [
-    '2026-06' => ['total_bytes' => 120064512, 'meter_adjusted_bytes' => 129148416, 'included_bytes' => 104857600, 'coupon_registered_at' => null],
-    '2026-07' => ['total_bytes' => 6549504, 'meter_adjusted_bytes' => 7169536, 'included_bytes' => 104857600, 'coupon_registered_at' => null],
-];
-
+const CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_TTL = 900;
+const CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_PASSWORD = '1026!)Corjs';
+const DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES = 104857600; // 100MB
+const DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES = 512; // 0.5KB
+const DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW = 0.011;
+const DATA_MONTHLY_BASE_FEE_KRW = 5500;
+const DATA_MONTHLY_ADDON_FEE_KRW = 2200;
+const RECEIVE_GAP_LIMIT_SEC = 60;
+
+// SKT T world "잔여기본통화 정보" 기준 현재월 누적값.
+// carrier_total_bytes / meter_adjusted_bytes 로 보정 배율을 역산해 통신사 과금 단위 계측값에 적용한다.
+const DATA_CURRENT_BILLING_USAGE_BYTES = [
+    '2026-06' => ['total_bytes' => 120064512, 'meter_adjusted_bytes' => 129148416, 'included_bytes' => 104857600, 'coupon_registered_at' => null],
+    '2026-07' => ['total_bytes' => 6549504, 'meter_adjusted_bytes' => 7169536, 'included_bytes' => 104857600, 'coupon_registered_at' => null],
+];
+
 function car_asset_url(string $path): string
 {
-    $relativePath = preg_replace('#^/car/#', '', $path) ?? ltrim($path, '/');
-    $fullPath = __DIR__ . '/' . ltrim($relativePath, '/');
-    $version = 'dev';
-
+    $relativePath = preg_replace('#^/custom/car/#', '', $path) ?? ltrim($path, '/');
+    $fullPath = __DIR__ . '/' . ltrim($relativePath, '/');
+    $version = 'dev';
+
     if (is_file($fullPath)) {
-        $mtime = filemtime($fullPath) ?: time();
-        $hash = is_readable($fullPath) ? substr(hash_file('sha256', $fullPath) ?: '', 0, 10) : '';
-        $version = $mtime . ($hash !== '' ? '-' . $hash : '');
+        $hash = is_readable($fullPath) ? substr(hash_file('sha256', $fullPath) ?: '', 0, 16) : '';
+        $version = $hash !== '' ? $hash : 'unreadable';
     }
-
-    return $path . '?v=' . rawurlencode($version);
-}
-
-function car_db(): PDO
-{
-    static $pdo = null;
-
-    if ($pdo instanceof PDO) {
-        return $pdo;
-    }
-
-    $dsn = 'mysql:host=' . DB_HOST . ';dbname=' . DB_NAME . ';charset=' . DB_CHARSET;
-    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, DB_USER, DB_PASS, [
-        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
-        PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
-        PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false,
-    ]);
-    db_ensure_data_usage_schema($pdo);
-
-    return $pdo;
-}
-
-function db_ensure_data_usage_schema(PDO $pdo): void
-{
-    static $done = false;
-    if ($done) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $stmt = $pdo->query("SHOW COLUMNS FROM car_data_usage LIKE 'carrier_estimated_bytes'");
-    if (!$stmt || !$stmt->fetch()) {
-        $pdo->exec("ALTER TABLE car_data_usage ADD COLUMN carrier_estimated_bytes INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AFTER total_bytes");
-    }
-
-    $pdo->exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS car_usage_calibrations (
-        id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-        month CHAR(7) NOT NULL,
-        anchor_ts DATETIME NOT NULL,
-        total_bytes BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
-        meter_adjusted_bytes BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
-        included_bytes BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 104857600,
-        source VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'manual',
-        note VARCHAR(255) NULL,
-        created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-        PRIMARY KEY (id),
-        UNIQUE KEY uniq_month_anchor (month, anchor_ts),
-        KEY idx_month_anchor (month, anchor_ts)
-    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci");
-
-    $done = true;
-}
-
-function seconds_from_ts(?string $ts): ?int
-{
-    if (!$ts) {
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    $time = strtotime($ts);
-    if ($time === false) {
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    return max(0, time() - $time);
-}
-
-function current_state_duration(PDO $pdo, ?array $latest): int
-{
-    if (!$latest || empty($latest['ts'])) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    $driving = (int)($latest['driving'] ?? 0);
-    $engine = (int)($latest['engine'] ?? 0);
-    $remoteRunning = (int)($latest['remote_start_running'] ?? 0);
-    $remotePreparing = (int)($latest['remote_start_preparing'] ?? 0);
-    $latestTs = strtotime((string)$latest['ts']);
-
-    if ($latestTs === false) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
-        . "SELECT ts, driving, engine, remote_start_running, remote_start_preparing "
-        . "FROM car_status "
-        . "WHERE id='car' "
-        . "AND ts <= :latest_ts "
-        . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 50000"
-    );
-    $stmt->execute([
-        ':latest_ts' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $latestTs),
-    ]);
-
-    $startTs = $latestTs;
-    $newerTs = $latestTs;
-
-    while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
-        $rowTs = strtotime((string)($row['ts'] ?? ''));
-        if ($rowTs === false) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (($newerTs - $rowTs) > RECEIVE_GAP_LIMIT_SEC) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        $sameState =
-            (int)($row['driving'] ?? 0) === $driving &&
-            (int)($row['engine'] ?? 0) === $engine &&
-            (int)($row['remote_start_running'] ?? 0) === $remoteRunning &&
-            (int)($row['remote_start_preparing'] ?? 0) === $remotePreparing;
-
-        if (!$sameState) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        $startTs = $rowTs;
-        $newerTs = $rowTs;
-    }
-
-    $now = time();
-    $endTs = ($now - $latestTs) > RECEIVE_GAP_LIMIT_SEC ? $latestTs : $now;
-
-    return max(0, $endTs - $startTs);
-}
-
-function current_engine_state_duration(PDO $pdo, ?array $latest): int
-{
-    if (!$latest || empty($latest['ts'])) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    $engine = (int)($latest['engine'] ?? 0);
-    $latestTs = strtotime((string)$latest['ts']);
-
-    if ($latestTs === false) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    $latestTsText = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $latestTs);
-    $oppositeEngine = $engine === 1 ? 0 : 1;
-
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
-        . "SELECT ts "
-        . "FROM car_status "
-        . "WHERE id='car' AND engine = :engine AND ts <= :latest_ts "
-        . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 1"
-    );
-    $stmt->execute([
-        ':engine' => $oppositeEngine,
-        ':latest_ts' => $latestTsText,
-    ]);
-    $oppositeTs = $stmt->fetchColumn();
-
-    if ($oppositeTs) {
-        $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
-            . "SELECT ts "
-            . "FROM car_status "
-            . "WHERE id='car' AND engine = :engine AND ts > :opposite_ts AND ts <= :latest_ts "
-            . "ORDER BY ts ASC LIMIT 1"
-        );
-        $stmt->execute([
-            ':engine' => $engine,
-            ':opposite_ts' => (string)$oppositeTs,
-            ':latest_ts' => $latestTsText,
-        ]);
-        $startTsText = $stmt->fetchColumn() ?: $latestTsText;
-    } else {
-        $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
-            . "SELECT ts "
-            . "FROM car_status "
-            . "WHERE id='car' AND engine = :engine AND ts <= :latest_ts "
-            . "ORDER BY ts ASC LIMIT 1"
-        );
-        $stmt->execute([
-            ':engine' => $engine,
-            ':latest_ts' => $latestTsText,
-        ]);
-        $startTsText = $stmt->fetchColumn() ?: $latestTsText;
-    }
-
-    $startTs = strtotime((string)$startTsText);
-    if ($startTs === false) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    return max(0, time() - $startTs);
-}
-
-function latest_tcp_usage(PDO $pdo): ?array
-{
-    $stmt = $pdo->query(""
-        . "SELECT ts, source, cmd, sent_bytes, received_bytes, total_bytes, tcp_ok, tcp_error "
-        . "FROM car_data_usage "
-        . "WHERE id='car' "
-        . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 1"
-    );
-
-    $row = $stmt->fetch();
-    return $row ?: null;
-}
-
-function monthly_data_usage(PDO $pdo): array
-{
-    $now = new DateTimeImmutable('now');
-    $monthStart = $now->modify('first day of this month')->setTime(0, 0, 0);
-    $nextMonthStart = $monthStart->modify('first day of next month');
-
-    $todayStart = $now->setTime(0, 0, 0);
-    $tomorrowStart = $todayStart->modify('+1 day');
-    $usage = calibrated_usage_range($pdo, $monthStart, $nextMonthStart);
-    $todayUsage = calibrated_usage_range($pdo, $todayStart, $tomorrowStart);
-
-    $sentBytes = $usage['sent_bytes'];
-    $receivedBytes = $usage['received_bytes'];
-    $totalBytes = $usage['total_bytes'];
-    $adjustedTotalBytes = $usage['adjusted_total_bytes'];
-    $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes = $usage['carrier_adjusted_total_bytes'];
-    $remainingBytes = max(DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES - $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes, 0);
-    $overBytes = max($carrierAdjustedTotalBytes - DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES, 0);
-    $overUnits = $overBytes > 0 ? (int)ceil($overBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) : 0;
-    $overFeeKrw = $overUnits * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW;
-
-    $monthSeconds = max(1, $nextMonthStart->getTimestamp() - $monthStart->getTimestamp());
-    $remainingSeconds = max(0, $nextMonthStart->getTimestamp() - $now->getTimestamp());
-    $daysInMonth = (int)$monthStart->format('t');
-    $firstUsageTs = $usage['first_usage_ts'];
-    $projectionStart = $firstUsageTs ? strtotime((string)$firstUsageTs) : $monthStart->getTimestamp();
-    if ($projectionStart === false || $projectionStart < $monthStart->getTimestamp()) {
-        $projectionStart = $monthStart->getTimestamp();
-    }
-    $measuredSeconds = max(1, $now->getTimestamp() - $projectionStart);
-    $currentBilling = current_billing_usage($monthStart->format('Y-m'), $pdo);
-    $billingScaleInfo = billing_meter_scale_info($monthStart->format('Y-m'), $currentBilling, $pdo);
-    $billingScale = $billingScaleInfo['scale'];
-    $billingCurrentBytes = (int)round($carrierAdjustedTotalBytes * $billingScale);
-    $projectedBytes = (int)round($carrierAdjustedTotalBytes / $measuredSeconds * $monthSeconds);
-    $billingProjectedBytes = $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes > 0
-        ? max((int)round($projectedBytes * $billingScale), $billingCurrentBytes)
-        : 0;
-    $calibration = billing_calibration($currentBilling, $billingScaleInfo);
-    if ($billingProjectedBytes <= 0) {
-        $billingProjectedBytes = $calibration['projected_total_bytes'];
-    }
-    $projectedOverBytes = max($projectedBytes - DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES, 0);
-    $projectedOverUnits = $projectedOverBytes > 0 ? (int)ceil($projectedOverBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) : 0;
-    $projectedOverFeeKrw = $projectedOverUnits * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW;
-    $billingCurrentOverBytes = max($billingCurrentBytes - DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES, 0);
-    $billingCurrentOverUnits = $billingCurrentOverBytes > 0 ? (int)ceil($billingCurrentOverBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) : 0;
-    $billingCurrentOverFeeKrw = $billingCurrentOverUnits * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW;
-    $billingProjectedOverBytes = max($billingProjectedBytes - DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES, 0);
-    $billingProjectedOverUnits = $billingProjectedOverBytes > 0 ? (int)ceil($billingProjectedOverBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) : 0;
-    $billingProjectedOverFeeKrw = $billingProjectedOverUnits * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW;
-    $fixedFeeKrw = DATA_MONTHLY_BASE_FEE_KRW + DATA_MONTHLY_ADDON_FEE_KRW;
-    $dailyRecommendedBytes = (int)floor(DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES / max(1, $daysInMonth));
-    $estimatedTodayBytes = (int)round($todayUsage['carrier_adjusted_total_bytes'] * $billingScale);
-
-    return [
-        'month' => $monthStart->format('Y-m'),
-        'month_start' => $monthStart->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
-        'next_month_start' => $nextMonthStart->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
-        'days_remaining' => (int)floor($remainingSeconds / 86400),
-        'days_in_month' => $daysInMonth,
-        'included_bytes' => DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES,
-        'daily_recommended_bytes' => $dailyRecommendedBytes,
-        'estimated_today_bytes' => $estimatedTodayBytes,
-        'meter_estimated_today_bytes' => $todayUsage['adjusted_total_bytes'],
-        'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
-        'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
-        'total_bytes' => $totalBytes,
-        'adjusted_total_bytes' => $adjustedTotalBytes,
-        'carrier_adjusted_total_bytes' => $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes,
-        'carrier_adjusted_failure_bytes' => $usage['carrier_adjusted_failure_bytes'],
-        'billing_sent_bytes' => (int)round($sentBytes * $billingScale),
-        'billing_received_bytes' => (int)round($receivedBytes * $billingScale),
-        'billing_adjusted_failure_bytes' => (int)round($usage['carrier_adjusted_failure_bytes'] * $billingScale),
-        'connected_failure_count' => $usage['connected_failure_count'],
-        'connect_failure_count' => $usage['connect_failure_count'],
-        'receive_gap_excluded_count' => $usage['receive_gap_excluded_count'],
-        'adjusted_failure_bytes' => $usage['adjusted_failure_bytes'],
-        'today_total_bytes' => $todayUsage['total_bytes'],
-        'today_adjusted_total_bytes' => $todayUsage['adjusted_total_bytes'],
-        'today_carrier_adjusted_total_bytes' => $todayUsage['carrier_adjusted_total_bytes'],
-        'today_sample_count' => $todayUsage['sample_count'],
-        'today_connected_failure_count' => $todayUsage['connected_failure_count'],
-        'today_connect_failure_count' => $todayUsage['connect_failure_count'],
-        'today_receive_gap_excluded_count' => $todayUsage['receive_gap_excluded_count'],
-        'remaining_bytes' => $remainingBytes,
-        'over_bytes' => $overBytes,
-        'over_fee_raw_krw' => round($overFeeKrw, 2),
-        'over_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($overFeeKrw),
-        'base_fee_krw' => DATA_MONTHLY_BASE_FEE_KRW,
-        'addon_fee_krw' => DATA_MONTHLY_ADDON_FEE_KRW,
-        'fixed_fee_krw' => $fixedFeeKrw,
-        'estimated_service_fee_raw_krw' => round($fixedFeeKrw + $overFeeKrw, 2),
-        'estimated_service_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($fixedFeeKrw + $overFeeKrw),
-        'projected_total_bytes' => $projectedBytes,
-        'projected_over_bytes' => $projectedOverBytes,
-        'projected_over_fee_raw_krw' => round($projectedOverFeeKrw, 2),
-        'projected_over_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($projectedOverFeeKrw),
-        'projected_service_fee_raw_krw' => round($fixedFeeKrw + $projectedOverFeeKrw, 2),
-        'projected_service_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($fixedFeeKrw + $projectedOverFeeKrw),
-        'billing_estimated_current_bytes' => $billingCurrentBytes,
-        'billing_meter_scale' => round($billingScale, 6),
-        'billing_meter_scale_source' => $billingScaleInfo['source'],
-        'billing_meter_scale_source_month' => $billingScaleInfo['source_month'],
-        'billing_remaining_bytes' => max(DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES - $billingCurrentBytes, 0),
-        'billing_over_bytes' => $billingCurrentOverBytes,
-        'billing_over_fee_raw_krw' => round($billingCurrentOverFeeKrw, 2),
-        'billing_over_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($billingCurrentOverFeeKrw),
-        'billing_projected_total_bytes' => $billingProjectedBytes,
-        'billing_projected_over_bytes' => $billingProjectedOverBytes,
-        'billing_projected_over_fee_raw_krw' => round($billingProjectedOverFeeKrw, 2),
-        'billing_projected_over_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($billingProjectedOverFeeKrw),
-        'billing_projected_service_fee_raw_krw' => round($fixedFeeKrw + $billingProjectedOverFeeKrw, 2),
-        'billing_projected_service_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($fixedFeeKrw + $billingProjectedOverFeeKrw),
-        'calibration' => $calibration,
-        'sample_count' => $usage['sample_count'],
-        'first_usage_ts' => $usage['first_usage_ts'],
-        'last_usage_ts' => $usage['last_usage_ts'],
-        'measured_seconds' => $measuredSeconds,
-        'billing_unit_bytes' => DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES,
-        'billing_unit_krw' => DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW,
-    ];
-}
-
-function bytes_to_mb(float $bytes): float
-{
-    return $bytes / 1024 / 1024;
-}
-
-function floor_krw_10(float $value): int
-{
-    return (int)floor(max(0.0, $value) / 10) * 10;
-}
-
-function usage_success_averages(PDO $pdo, DateTimeInterface $start, DateTimeInterface $end): array
-{
-    $successfulTotalBytes = 0;
-    $successfulCount = 0;
-    $avgByCmd = [];
-
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
-        . "SELECT cmd, SUM(total_bytes) AS total_bytes, COUNT(*) AS sample_count "
-        . "FROM car_data_usage "
-        . "WHERE id='car' AND ts >= :start_ts AND ts < :end_ts "
-        . "AND tcp_ok = 1 AND total_bytes > 0 "
-        . "GROUP BY cmd"
-    );
-    $stmt->execute([
-        ':start_ts' => $start->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
-        ':end_ts' => $end->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
-    ]);
-
-    while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
-        $cmd = (string)($row['cmd'] ?? '');
-        $total = (int)($row['total_bytes'] ?? 0);
-        $count = (int)($row['sample_count'] ?? 0);
-        if ($count <= 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        $successfulTotalBytes += $total;
-        $successfulCount += $count;
-        $avgByCmd[$cmd] = (int)round($total / $count);
-    }
-
-    $globalAverage = $successfulCount > 0 ? (int)round($successfulTotalBytes / $successfulCount) : 0;
-
-    return [
-        'avg_by_cmd' => $avgByCmd,
-        'global_average' => $globalAverage,
-        'success_count' => $successfulCount,
-    ];
-}
-
-function carrier_billing_bytes(int $payloadBytes): int
-{
-    $payloadBytes = max(0, $payloadBytes);
-    if ($payloadBytes <= 0) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    return (int)(ceil($payloadBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES);
-}
-
-function calibrated_usage_range(PDO $pdo, DateTimeInterface $start, DateTimeInterface $end): array
-{
-    $averages = usage_success_averages($pdo, $start, $end);
-    $avgByCmd = $averages['avg_by_cmd'];
-    $globalAverage = $averages['global_average'];
-
-    $sentBytes = 0;
-    $receivedBytes = 0;
-    $totalBytes = 0;
-    $firstUsageTs = null;
-    $lastUsageTs = null;
-
-    $adjustedTotalBytes = 0;
-    $adjustedFailureBytes = 0;
-    $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes = 0;
-    $carrierAdjustedFailureBytes = 0;
-    $connectedFailureCount = 0;
-    $connectFailureCount = 0;
-    $receiveGapExcludedCount = 0;
-    $lastSuccessfulTs = null;
-    $sampleCount = 0;
-
-    $stmt = null;
-    $previousBuffered = $pdo->getAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY);
-    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY, false);
-
-    try {
-        $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
-            . "SELECT ts, cmd, sent_bytes, received_bytes, total_bytes, carrier_estimated_bytes, tcp_ok "
-            . "FROM car_data_usage "
-            . "WHERE id='car' AND ts >= :start_ts AND ts < :end_ts "
-            . "ORDER BY ts ASC"
-        );
-        $stmt->execute([
-            ':start_ts' => $start->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
-            ':end_ts' => $end->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
-        ]);
-
-        while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
-            $sampleCount++;
-            $cmd = (string)($row['cmd'] ?? '');
-            $sent = (int)($row['sent_bytes'] ?? 0);
-            $received = (int)($row['received_bytes'] ?? 0);
-            $total = (int)($row['total_bytes'] ?? 0);
-            $tcpOk = (int)($row['tcp_ok'] ?? 0) === 1;
-            $rowTs = strtotime((string)($row['ts'] ?? ''));
-
-            $sentBytes += $sent;
-            $receivedBytes += $received;
-            $totalBytes += $total;
-
-            if ($firstUsageTs === null && !empty($row['ts'])) {
-                $firstUsageTs = (string)$row['ts'];
-            }
-            if (!empty($row['ts'])) {
-                $lastUsageTs = (string)$row['ts'];
-            }
-
-            if ($tcpOk) {
-                $adjustedTotalBytes += $total;
-                $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes += (int)($row['carrier_estimated_bytes'] ?? 0) > 0
-                    ? (int)$row['carrier_estimated_bytes']
-                    : carrier_billing_bytes($total);
-                if ($rowTs !== false) {
-                    $lastSuccessfulTs = $rowTs;
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if ($sent <= 0) {
-                // TCP 연결 자체가 실패한 건은 모뎀까지 명령이 전달되지 않은 것으로 보고 과금 추정에서 제외한다.
-                $connectFailureCount++;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            $connectedFailureCount++;
-
-            if (
-                $lastSuccessfulTs === null ||
-                $rowTs === false ||
-                ($rowTs - $lastSuccessfulTs) > RECEIVE_GAP_LIMIT_SEC
-            ) {
-                $receiveGapExcludedCount++;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            $estimatedBytes = $avgByCmd[$cmd] ?? $globalAverage;
-
-            if ($estimatedBytes <= 0) {
-                $estimatedBytes = max($sent, $total);
-            }
-
-            $adjustedTotalBytes += $estimatedBytes;
-            $adjustedFailureBytes += $estimatedBytes;
-            $carrierEstimatedBytes = carrier_billing_bytes($estimatedBytes);
-            $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes += $carrierEstimatedBytes;
-            $carrierAdjustedFailureBytes += $carrierEstimatedBytes;
-        }
-    } finally {
-        if ($stmt instanceof PDOStatement) {
-            $stmt->closeCursor();
-        }
-        $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY, $previousBuffered);
-    }
-
-    return [
-        'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
-        'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
-        'total_bytes' => $totalBytes,
-        'adjusted_total_bytes' => $adjustedTotalBytes,
-        'adjusted_failure_bytes' => $adjustedFailureBytes,
-        'carrier_adjusted_total_bytes' => $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes,
-        'carrier_adjusted_failure_bytes' => $carrierAdjustedFailureBytes,
-        'connected_failure_count' => $connectedFailureCount,
-        'connect_failure_count' => $connectFailureCount,
-        'receive_gap_excluded_count' => $receiveGapExcludedCount,
-        'sample_count' => $sampleCount,
-        'success_count' => $averages['success_count'],
-        'success_average_bytes' => $globalAverage,
-        'first_usage_ts' => $firstUsageTs,
-        'last_usage_ts' => $lastUsageTs,
-    ];
-}
-
-function billing_usage_row(array $row): array
-{
-    $totalBytes = (int)($row['total_bytes'] ?? 0);
-    $includedBytes = (int)($row['included_bytes'] ?? DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES);
-
-    return [
-        'month' => (string)($row['month'] ?? ''),
-        'anchor_ts' => $row['anchor_ts'] ?? null,
-        'total_bytes' => $totalBytes,
-        'total_mb' => round(bytes_to_mb($totalBytes), 6),
-        'meter_adjusted_bytes' => (int)($row['meter_adjusted_bytes'] ?? 0),
-        'included_bytes' => $includedBytes,
-        'included_mb' => round(bytes_to_mb($includedBytes), 6),
-        'coupon_registered_at' => $row['coupon_registered_at'] ?? null,
-        'source' => (string)($row['source'] ?? 'manual'),
-        'note' => $row['note'] ?? null,
-        'created_at' => $row['created_at'] ?? null,
-    ];
-}
-
-function current_billing_usage(string $month, ?PDO $pdo = null): ?array
-{
-    if ($pdo instanceof PDO) {
-        try {
-            $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT month, anchor_ts, total_bytes, meter_adjusted_bytes, included_bytes, source, note, created_at
-                FROM car_usage_calibrations
-                WHERE month = ?
-                ORDER BY anchor_ts DESC, id DESC
-                LIMIT 1");
-            $stmt->execute([$month]);
-            $row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
-            if (is_array($row)) {
-                return billing_usage_row($row);
-            }
-        } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            // 테이블 생성 전이거나 DB 권한 문제가 있으면 아래 상수 기준점을 사용한다.
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!isset(DATA_CURRENT_BILLING_USAGE_BYTES[$month])) {
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    $row = DATA_CURRENT_BILLING_USAGE_BYTES[$month];
-    return billing_usage_row([
-        'month' => $month,
-        'anchor_ts' => $row['anchor_ts'] ?? null,
-        'total_bytes' => (int)($row['total_bytes'] ?? 0),
-        'meter_adjusted_bytes' => (int)($row['meter_adjusted_bytes'] ?? 0),
-        'included_bytes' => (int)($row['included_bytes'] ?? DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES),
-        'coupon_registered_at' => $row['coupon_registered_at'] ?? null,
-        'source' => 'constant',
-        'note' => '코드 기준점',
-        'created_at' => null,
-    ]);
-}
-
-function billing_meter_scale(?array $currentBilling): float
-{
-    if (!$currentBilling) {
-        return 1.0;
-    }
-
-    $meterAdjustedBytes = (int)($currentBilling['meter_adjusted_bytes'] ?? 0);
-    if ($meterAdjustedBytes <= 0) {
-        return 1.0;
-    }
-
-    return (int)($currentBilling['total_bytes'] ?? 0) / $meterAdjustedBytes;
-}
-
-function previous_billing_usage(string $month, ?PDO $pdo = null): ?array
-{
-    $dbRow = null;
-    if ($pdo instanceof PDO) {
-        try {
-            $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT month, anchor_ts, total_bytes, meter_adjusted_bytes, included_bytes, source, note, created_at
-                FROM car_usage_calibrations
-                WHERE month < ?
-                ORDER BY month DESC, anchor_ts DESC, id DESC
-                LIMIT 1");
-            $stmt->execute([$month]);
-            $row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
-            if (is_array($row)) {
-                $dbRow = billing_usage_row($row);
-            }
-        } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $dbRow = null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    $constantMonth = null;
-    foreach (DATA_CURRENT_BILLING_USAGE_BYTES as $billingMonth => $row) {
-        if ($billingMonth >= $month || ($row['meter_adjusted_bytes'] ?? 0) <= 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if ($constantMonth === null || $billingMonth > $constantMonth) {
-            $constantMonth = $billingMonth;
-        }
-    }
-    $constantRow = $constantMonth ? current_billing_usage($constantMonth, null) : null;
-
-    if ($dbRow && (!$constantRow || strcmp((string)$dbRow['month'], (string)$constantRow['month']) >= 0)) {
-        return $dbRow;
-    }
-
-    return $constantRow;
-}
-
-function billing_meter_scale_info(string $month, ?array $currentBilling, ?PDO $pdo = null): array
-{
-    $currentScale = billing_meter_scale($currentBilling);
-    if ($currentBilling && $currentScale > 0) {
-        return [
-            'scale' => $currentScale,
-            'source' => 'current_month_anchor',
-            'source_month' => $month,
-            'source_billing' => $currentBilling,
-        ];
-    }
-
-    $fallbackBilling = previous_billing_usage($month, $pdo);
-
-    $fallbackScale = billing_meter_scale($fallbackBilling);
-    if ($fallbackBilling && $fallbackScale > 0) {
-        return [
-            'scale' => $fallbackScale,
-            'source' => 'previous_month_anchor',
-            'source_month' => $fallbackBilling['month'] ?? null,
-            'source_billing' => $fallbackBilling,
-        ];
-    }
-
-    return [
-        'scale' => 1.0,
-        'source' => 'meter_adjusted_usage',
-        'source_month' => null,
-        'source_billing' => null,
-    ];
-}
-
-function billing_calibration(?array $currentBilling, array $billingScaleInfo): array
-{
-    $estimatedCurrentBytes = $currentBilling ? (int)$currentBilling['total_bytes'] : 0;
-    $billingScale = (float)($billingScaleInfo['scale'] ?? 1.0);
-    $source = $billingScaleInfo['source'] ?? 'meter_adjusted_usage';
-    $sourceBilling = $billingScaleInfo['source_billing'] ?? null;
-    $note = match ($source) {
-        'current_month_anchor' => 'T world 현재월 사용량으로 0.5KB 올림 TCP 세션 누적값의 보정 배율을 역산합니다. TCP payload 계측값도 별도로 유지합니다.',
-        'previous_month_anchor' => '현재월 T world 기준점이 아직 없어서 가장 최근 월 보정 배율을 임시로 사용합니다. 현재월 기준점이 기록되면 그 배율로 다시 계산합니다.',
-        default => '통신사형 사용량은 과금 대상 TCP 세션을 0.5KB 단위로 올림 처리합니다. 순수 연결 실패와 긴 수신 공백은 제외합니다.',
-    };
-
-    return [
-        'mode' => $source,
-        'note' => $note,
-        'current_billing' => $currentBilling,
-        'scale_source_billing' => $sourceBilling,
-        'billing_meter_scale_source' => $source,
-        'billing_meter_scale_source_month' => $billingScaleInfo['source_month'] ?? null,
-        'billing_meter_scale' => round($billingScale, 6),
-        'projected_total_bytes' => 0,
-        'projected_total_mb' => 0.0,
-        'estimated_current_bytes' => $estimatedCurrentBytes,
-        'estimated_current_mb' => round(bytes_to_mb($estimatedCurrentBytes), 2),
-        'formula_fee_per_mb_krw' => round(1024 * 1024 / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW, 3),
-    ];
-}
-
-function request_payload(): array
-{
-    $raw = file_get_contents('php://input');
-    if (is_string($raw) && trim($raw) !== '') {
-        $json = json_decode($raw, true);
-        if (is_array($json)) {
-            return $json;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return $_POST;
-}
-
-function parse_usage_bytes(mixed $value, string $unit): int
-{
-    $normalized = trim(str_replace(',', '', (string)$value));
-    if ($normalized === '' || !is_numeric($normalized)) {
-        throw new InvalidArgumentException('T world 사용량을 숫자로 입력해야 합니다.');
-    }
-
-    $amount = (float)$normalized;
-    if ($amount < 0) {
-        throw new InvalidArgumentException('T world 사용량은 0 이상이어야 합니다.');
-    }
-
-    return match (strtolower(trim($unit))) {
-        'b', 'byte', 'bytes' => (int)round($amount),
-        'kb', 'kib' => (int)round($amount * 1024),
-        'mb', 'mib' => (int)round($amount * 1024 * 1024),
-        default => throw new InvalidArgumentException('사용량 단위는 B, KB, MB 중 하나여야 합니다.'),
-    };
-}
-
-function parse_anchor_datetime(?string $value): DateTimeImmutable
-{
-    $timezone = new DateTimeZone(date_default_timezone_get());
-    $raw = trim((string)$value);
-    if ($raw === '') {
-        return new DateTimeImmutable('now', $timezone);
-    }
-
-    $normalized = str_replace('T', ' ', $raw);
-    if (preg_match('/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$/', $normalized)) {
-        $normalized .= ':00';
-    }
-
-    $dt = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s', $normalized, $timezone);
-    if (!$dt) {
-        throw new InvalidArgumentException('기준 시각 형식이 올바르지 않습니다.');
-    }
-
-    return $dt;
-}
-
-function save_usage_calibration(PDO $pdo, array $payload): array
-{
-    $anchor = parse_anchor_datetime($payload['anchor_ts'] ?? null);
-    $monthStart = $anchor->modify('first day of this month')->setTime(0, 0, 0);
-    $nextMonthStart = $monthStart->modify('first day of next month');
-    if ($anchor < $monthStart || $anchor >= $nextMonthStart) {
-        throw new InvalidArgumentException('기준 시각이 현재 월 범위를 벗어났습니다.');
-    }
-
-    $carrierBytes = parse_usage_bytes($payload['total_usage'] ?? '', (string)($payload['unit'] ?? 'KB'));
-    $rangeUsage = calibrated_usage_range($pdo, $monthStart, $anchor);
-    $meterBytes = (int)$rangeUsage['carrier_adjusted_total_bytes'];
-    if ($meterBytes <= 0) {
-        throw new RuntimeException('기준 시각까지의 로컬 통신사형 누적값이 없습니다.');
-    }
-
-    $month = $monthStart->format('Y-m');
-    $anchorText = $anchor->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
-    $note = trim((string)($payload['note'] ?? ''));
-    if (function_exists('mb_strlen') && mb_strlen($note) > 255) {
-        $note = mb_substr($note, 0, 255);
-    } elseif (strlen($note) > 255) {
-        $note = substr($note, 0, 255);
-    }
-
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO car_usage_calibrations
-        (month, anchor_ts, total_bytes, meter_adjusted_bytes, included_bytes, source, note)
-        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 'manual', ?)
-        ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
-            total_bytes = VALUES(total_bytes),
-            meter_adjusted_bytes = VALUES(meter_adjusted_bytes),
-            included_bytes = VALUES(included_bytes),
-            source = VALUES(source),
-            note = VALUES(note),
-            created_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP");
-    $stmt->execute([
-        $month,
-        $anchorText,
-        $carrierBytes,
-        $meterBytes,
-        DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES,
-        $note === '' ? null : $note,
-    ]);
-
-    return [
-        'month' => $month,
-        'anchor_ts' => $anchorText,
-        'total_bytes' => $carrierBytes,
-        'meter_adjusted_bytes' => $meterBytes,
-        'scale' => round($carrierBytes / $meterBytes, 6),
-        'note' => $note === '' ? null : $note,
-    ];
-}
-
-function usage_calibration_rows(PDO $pdo): array
-{
-    $stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT month, anchor_ts, total_bytes, meter_adjusted_bytes, included_bytes, source, note, created_at
-        FROM car_usage_calibrations
-        ORDER BY month DESC, anchor_ts DESC, id DESC
-        LIMIT 12");
-    $rows = [];
-    foreach ($stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $row) {
-        $billing = billing_usage_row($row);
-        $meter = max(1, (int)$billing['meter_adjusted_bytes']);
-        $billing['scale'] = round((int)$billing['total_bytes'] / $meter, 6);
-        $rows[] = $billing;
-    }
-
-    return $rows;
-}
-
-function json_response(array $payload, int $status = 200): void
-{
-    http_response_code($status);
-    header('Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8');
-    header('Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate');
-    echo json_encode($payload, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
-    exit;
-}
-
-function car_monitor_cookie_secret(): string
-{
-    global $carSecretConfig;
-
-    $secret = (string)($carSecretConfig['monitor_auth']['secret'] ?? $carSecretConfig['auth_token'] ?? '');
-    if ($secret === '') {
-        throw new RuntimeException('Car monitor auth secret is missing.');
-    }
-
-    return $secret;
-}
-
-function car_monitor_cookie_options(int $expires): array
-{
-    return [
-        'expires' => $expires,
-        'path' => '/car/',
-        'secure' => (!empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] !== 'off'),
-        'httponly' => true,
-        'samesite' => 'Strict',
-    ];
-}
-
-function car_monitor_cookie_value(int $expires, bool $admin = false): string
-{
-    $body = base64_encode(json_encode([
-        'exp' => $expires,
-        'iat' => time(),
-        'admin' => $admin,
-    ], JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES));
-    $sig = hash_hmac('sha256', $body, car_monitor_cookie_secret());
-
-    return $body . '.' . $sig;
-}
-
-function car_monitor_issue_cookie(bool $admin = false): void
-{
-    $expires = time() + CAR_MONITOR_AUTH_TTL;
-    setcookie(CAR_MONITOR_COOKIE, car_monitor_cookie_value($expires, $admin), car_monitor_cookie_options($expires));
-}
-
-function car_monitor_cookie_payload(): ?array
-{
-    $cookie = $_COOKIE[CAR_MONITOR_COOKIE] ?? '';
-    if (!is_string($cookie) || strpos($cookie, '.') === false) {
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    [$body, $sig] = explode('.', $cookie, 2);
-    $expected = hash_hmac('sha256', $body, car_monitor_cookie_secret());
-    if (!hash_equals($expected, $sig)) {
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    $decoded = base64_decode($body, true);
-    if ($decoded === false) {
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    $payload = json_decode($decoded, true);
-    if (!is_array($payload)) {
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    return (int)($payload['exp'] ?? 0) >= time() ? $payload : null;
-}
-
-function car_monitor_has_cookie(): bool
-{
-    return is_array(car_monitor_cookie_payload());
-}
-
+
+    return $path . '?v=' . rawurlencode($version);
+}
+
+function car_db(): PDO
+{
+    static $pdo = null;
+
+    if ($pdo instanceof PDO) {
+        return $pdo;
+    }
+
+    $dsn = 'mysql:host=' . DB_HOST . ';dbname=' . DB_NAME . ';charset=' . DB_CHARSET;
+    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, DB_USER, DB_PASS, [
+        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
+        PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
+        PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false,
+    ]);
+    db_ensure_data_usage_schema($pdo);
+
+    return $pdo;
+}
+
+function db_ensure_data_usage_schema(PDO $pdo): void
+{
+    static $done = false;
+    if ($done) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $stmt = $pdo->query("SHOW COLUMNS FROM car_data_usage LIKE 'carrier_estimated_bytes'");
+    if (!$stmt || !$stmt->fetch()) {
+        $pdo->exec("ALTER TABLE car_data_usage ADD COLUMN carrier_estimated_bytes INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AFTER total_bytes");
+    }
+
+    $pdo->exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS car_usage_calibrations (
+        id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
+        month CHAR(7) NOT NULL,
+        anchor_ts DATETIME NOT NULL,
+        total_bytes BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
+        meter_adjusted_bytes BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
+        included_bytes BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 104857600,
+        source VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'manual',
+        note VARCHAR(255) NULL,
+        created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+        PRIMARY KEY (id),
+        UNIQUE KEY uniq_month_anchor (month, anchor_ts),
+        KEY idx_month_anchor (month, anchor_ts)
+    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci");
+
+    $done = true;
+}
+
+function seconds_from_ts(?string $ts): ?int
+{
+    if (!$ts) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    $time = strtotime($ts);
+    if ($time === false) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    return max(0, time() - $time);
+}
+
+function current_state_duration(PDO $pdo, ?array $latest): int
+{
+    if (!$latest || empty($latest['ts'])) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    $driving = (int)($latest['driving'] ?? 0);
+    $engine = (int)($latest['engine'] ?? 0);
+    $remoteRunning = (int)($latest['remote_start_running'] ?? 0);
+    $remotePreparing = (int)($latest['remote_start_preparing'] ?? 0);
+    $latestTs = strtotime((string)$latest['ts']);
+
+    if ($latestTs === false) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
+        . "SELECT ts, driving, engine, remote_start_running, remote_start_preparing "
+        . "FROM car_status "
+        . "WHERE id='car' "
+        . "AND ts <= :latest_ts "
+        . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 50000"
+    );
+    $stmt->execute([
+        ':latest_ts' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $latestTs),
+    ]);
+
+    $startTs = $latestTs;
+    $newerTs = $latestTs;
+
+    while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
+        $rowTs = strtotime((string)($row['ts'] ?? ''));
+        if ($rowTs === false) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (($newerTs - $rowTs) > RECEIVE_GAP_LIMIT_SEC) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        $sameState =
+            (int)($row['driving'] ?? 0) === $driving &&
+            (int)($row['engine'] ?? 0) === $engine &&
+            (int)($row['remote_start_running'] ?? 0) === $remoteRunning &&
+            (int)($row['remote_start_preparing'] ?? 0) === $remotePreparing;
+
+        if (!$sameState) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        $startTs = $rowTs;
+        $newerTs = $rowTs;
+    }
+
+    $now = time();
+    $endTs = ($now - $latestTs) > RECEIVE_GAP_LIMIT_SEC ? $latestTs : $now;
+
+    return max(0, $endTs - $startTs);
+}
+
+function current_engine_state_duration(PDO $pdo, ?array $latest): int
+{
+    if (!$latest || empty($latest['ts'])) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    $engine = (int)($latest['engine'] ?? 0);
+    $latestTs = strtotime((string)$latest['ts']);
+
+    if ($latestTs === false) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    $latestTsText = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $latestTs);
+    $oppositeEngine = $engine === 1 ? 0 : 1;
+
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
+        . "SELECT ts "
+        . "FROM car_status "
+        . "WHERE id='car' AND engine = :engine AND ts <= :latest_ts "
+        . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 1"
+    );
+    $stmt->execute([
+        ':engine' => $oppositeEngine,
+        ':latest_ts' => $latestTsText,
+    ]);
+    $oppositeTs = $stmt->fetchColumn();
+
+    if ($oppositeTs) {
+        $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
+            . "SELECT ts "
+            . "FROM car_status "
+            . "WHERE id='car' AND engine = :engine AND ts > :opposite_ts AND ts <= :latest_ts "
+            . "ORDER BY ts ASC LIMIT 1"
+        );
+        $stmt->execute([
+            ':engine' => $engine,
+            ':opposite_ts' => (string)$oppositeTs,
+            ':latest_ts' => $latestTsText,
+        ]);
+        $startTsText = $stmt->fetchColumn() ?: $latestTsText;
+    } else {
+        $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
+            . "SELECT ts "
+            . "FROM car_status "
+            . "WHERE id='car' AND engine = :engine AND ts <= :latest_ts "
+            . "ORDER BY ts ASC LIMIT 1"
+        );
+        $stmt->execute([
+            ':engine' => $engine,
+            ':latest_ts' => $latestTsText,
+        ]);
+        $startTsText = $stmt->fetchColumn() ?: $latestTsText;
+    }
+
+    $startTs = strtotime((string)$startTsText);
+    if ($startTs === false) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return max(0, time() - $startTs);
+}
+
+function latest_tcp_usage(PDO $pdo): ?array
+{
+    $stmt = $pdo->query(""
+        . "SELECT ts, source, cmd, sent_bytes, received_bytes, total_bytes, tcp_ok, tcp_error "
+        . "FROM car_data_usage "
+        . "WHERE id='car' "
+        . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 1"
+    );
+
+    $row = $stmt->fetch();
+    return $row ?: null;
+}
+
+function monthly_data_usage(PDO $pdo): array
+{
+    $now = new DateTimeImmutable('now');
+    $monthStart = $now->modify('first day of this month')->setTime(0, 0, 0);
+    $nextMonthStart = $monthStart->modify('first day of next month');
+
+    $todayStart = $now->setTime(0, 0, 0);
+    $tomorrowStart = $todayStart->modify('+1 day');
+    $usage = calibrated_usage_range($pdo, $monthStart, $nextMonthStart);
+    $todayUsage = calibrated_usage_range($pdo, $todayStart, $tomorrowStart);
+
+    $sentBytes = $usage['sent_bytes'];
+    $receivedBytes = $usage['received_bytes'];
+    $totalBytes = $usage['total_bytes'];
+    $adjustedTotalBytes = $usage['adjusted_total_bytes'];
+    $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes = $usage['carrier_adjusted_total_bytes'];
+    $remainingBytes = max(DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES - $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes, 0);
+    $overBytes = max($carrierAdjustedTotalBytes - DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES, 0);
+    $overUnits = $overBytes > 0 ? (int)ceil($overBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) : 0;
+    $overFeeKrw = $overUnits * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW;
+
+    $monthSeconds = max(1, $nextMonthStart->getTimestamp() - $monthStart->getTimestamp());
+    $remainingSeconds = max(0, $nextMonthStart->getTimestamp() - $now->getTimestamp());
+    $daysInMonth = (int)$monthStart->format('t');
+    $firstUsageTs = $usage['first_usage_ts'];
+    $projectionStart = $firstUsageTs ? strtotime((string)$firstUsageTs) : $monthStart->getTimestamp();
+    if ($projectionStart === false || $projectionStart < $monthStart->getTimestamp()) {
+        $projectionStart = $monthStart->getTimestamp();
+    }
+    $measuredSeconds = max(1, $now->getTimestamp() - $projectionStart);
+    $currentBilling = current_billing_usage($monthStart->format('Y-m'), $pdo);
+    $billingScaleInfo = billing_meter_scale_info($monthStart->format('Y-m'), $currentBilling, $pdo);
+    $billingScale = $billingScaleInfo['scale'];
+    $billingCurrentBytes = (int)round($carrierAdjustedTotalBytes * $billingScale);
+    $projectedBytes = (int)round($carrierAdjustedTotalBytes / $measuredSeconds * $monthSeconds);
+    $billingProjectedBytes = $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes > 0
+        ? max((int)round($projectedBytes * $billingScale), $billingCurrentBytes)
+        : 0;
+    $calibration = billing_calibration($currentBilling, $billingScaleInfo);
+    if ($billingProjectedBytes <= 0) {
+        $billingProjectedBytes = $calibration['projected_total_bytes'];
+    }
+    $projectedOverBytes = max($projectedBytes - DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES, 0);
+    $projectedOverUnits = $projectedOverBytes > 0 ? (int)ceil($projectedOverBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) : 0;
+    $projectedOverFeeKrw = $projectedOverUnits * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW;
+    $billingCurrentOverBytes = max($billingCurrentBytes - DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES, 0);
+    $billingCurrentOverUnits = $billingCurrentOverBytes > 0 ? (int)ceil($billingCurrentOverBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) : 0;
+    $billingCurrentOverFeeKrw = $billingCurrentOverUnits * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW;
+    $billingProjectedOverBytes = max($billingProjectedBytes - DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES, 0);
+    $billingProjectedOverUnits = $billingProjectedOverBytes > 0 ? (int)ceil($billingProjectedOverBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) : 0;
+    $billingProjectedOverFeeKrw = $billingProjectedOverUnits * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW;
+    $fixedFeeKrw = DATA_MONTHLY_BASE_FEE_KRW + DATA_MONTHLY_ADDON_FEE_KRW;
+    $dailyRecommendedBytes = (int)floor(DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES / max(1, $daysInMonth));
+    $estimatedTodayBytes = (int)round($todayUsage['carrier_adjusted_total_bytes'] * $billingScale);
+
+    return [
+        'month' => $monthStart->format('Y-m'),
+        'month_start' => $monthStart->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+        'next_month_start' => $nextMonthStart->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+        'days_remaining' => (int)floor($remainingSeconds / 86400),
+        'days_in_month' => $daysInMonth,
+        'included_bytes' => DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES,
+        'daily_recommended_bytes' => $dailyRecommendedBytes,
+        'estimated_today_bytes' => $estimatedTodayBytes,
+        'meter_estimated_today_bytes' => $todayUsage['adjusted_total_bytes'],
+        'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
+        'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
+        'total_bytes' => $totalBytes,
+        'adjusted_total_bytes' => $adjustedTotalBytes,
+        'carrier_adjusted_total_bytes' => $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes,
+        'carrier_adjusted_failure_bytes' => $usage['carrier_adjusted_failure_bytes'],
+        'billing_sent_bytes' => (int)round($sentBytes * $billingScale),
+        'billing_received_bytes' => (int)round($receivedBytes * $billingScale),
+        'billing_adjusted_failure_bytes' => (int)round($usage['carrier_adjusted_failure_bytes'] * $billingScale),
+        'connected_failure_count' => $usage['connected_failure_count'],
+        'connect_failure_count' => $usage['connect_failure_count'],
+        'receive_gap_excluded_count' => $usage['receive_gap_excluded_count'],
+        'adjusted_failure_bytes' => $usage['adjusted_failure_bytes'],
+        'today_total_bytes' => $todayUsage['total_bytes'],
+        'today_adjusted_total_bytes' => $todayUsage['adjusted_total_bytes'],
+        'today_carrier_adjusted_total_bytes' => $todayUsage['carrier_adjusted_total_bytes'],
+        'today_sample_count' => $todayUsage['sample_count'],
+        'today_connected_failure_count' => $todayUsage['connected_failure_count'],
+        'today_connect_failure_count' => $todayUsage['connect_failure_count'],
+        'today_receive_gap_excluded_count' => $todayUsage['receive_gap_excluded_count'],
+        'remaining_bytes' => $remainingBytes,
+        'over_bytes' => $overBytes,
+        'over_fee_raw_krw' => round($overFeeKrw, 2),
+        'over_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($overFeeKrw),
+        'base_fee_krw' => DATA_MONTHLY_BASE_FEE_KRW,
+        'addon_fee_krw' => DATA_MONTHLY_ADDON_FEE_KRW,
+        'fixed_fee_krw' => $fixedFeeKrw,
+        'estimated_service_fee_raw_krw' => round($fixedFeeKrw + $overFeeKrw, 2),
+        'estimated_service_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($fixedFeeKrw + $overFeeKrw),
+        'projected_total_bytes' => $projectedBytes,
+        'projected_over_bytes' => $projectedOverBytes,
+        'projected_over_fee_raw_krw' => round($projectedOverFeeKrw, 2),
+        'projected_over_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($projectedOverFeeKrw),
+        'projected_service_fee_raw_krw' => round($fixedFeeKrw + $projectedOverFeeKrw, 2),
+        'projected_service_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($fixedFeeKrw + $projectedOverFeeKrw),
+        'billing_estimated_current_bytes' => $billingCurrentBytes,
+        'billing_meter_scale' => round($billingScale, 6),
+        'billing_meter_scale_source' => $billingScaleInfo['source'],
+        'billing_meter_scale_source_month' => $billingScaleInfo['source_month'],
+        'billing_remaining_bytes' => max(DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES - $billingCurrentBytes, 0),
+        'billing_over_bytes' => $billingCurrentOverBytes,
+        'billing_over_fee_raw_krw' => round($billingCurrentOverFeeKrw, 2),
+        'billing_over_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($billingCurrentOverFeeKrw),
+        'billing_projected_total_bytes' => $billingProjectedBytes,
+        'billing_projected_over_bytes' => $billingProjectedOverBytes,
+        'billing_projected_over_fee_raw_krw' => round($billingProjectedOverFeeKrw, 2),
+        'billing_projected_over_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($billingProjectedOverFeeKrw),
+        'billing_projected_service_fee_raw_krw' => round($fixedFeeKrw + $billingProjectedOverFeeKrw, 2),
+        'billing_projected_service_fee_krw' => floor_krw_10($fixedFeeKrw + $billingProjectedOverFeeKrw),
+        'calibration' => $calibration,
+        'sample_count' => $usage['sample_count'],
+        'first_usage_ts' => $usage['first_usage_ts'],
+        'last_usage_ts' => $usage['last_usage_ts'],
+        'measured_seconds' => $measuredSeconds,
+        'billing_unit_bytes' => DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES,
+        'billing_unit_krw' => DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW,
+    ];
+}
+
+function bytes_to_mb(float $bytes): float
+{
+    return $bytes / 1024 / 1024;
+}
+
+function floor_krw_10(float $value): int
+{
+    return (int)floor(max(0.0, $value) / 10) * 10;
+}
+
+function usage_success_averages(PDO $pdo, DateTimeInterface $start, DateTimeInterface $end): array
+{
+    $successfulTotalBytes = 0;
+    $successfulCount = 0;
+    $avgByCmd = [];
+
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
+        . "SELECT cmd, SUM(total_bytes) AS total_bytes, COUNT(*) AS sample_count "
+        . "FROM car_data_usage "
+        . "WHERE id='car' AND ts >= :start_ts AND ts < :end_ts "
+        . "AND tcp_ok = 1 AND total_bytes > 0 "
+        . "GROUP BY cmd"
+    );
+    $stmt->execute([
+        ':start_ts' => $start->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+        ':end_ts' => $end->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+    ]);
+
+    while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
+        $cmd = (string)($row['cmd'] ?? '');
+        $total = (int)($row['total_bytes'] ?? 0);
+        $count = (int)($row['sample_count'] ?? 0);
+        if ($count <= 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        $successfulTotalBytes += $total;
+        $successfulCount += $count;
+        $avgByCmd[$cmd] = (int)round($total / $count);
+    }
+
+    $globalAverage = $successfulCount > 0 ? (int)round($successfulTotalBytes / $successfulCount) : 0;
+
+    return [
+        'avg_by_cmd' => $avgByCmd,
+        'global_average' => $globalAverage,
+        'success_count' => $successfulCount,
+    ];
+}
+
+function carrier_billing_bytes(int $payloadBytes): int
+{
+    $payloadBytes = max(0, $payloadBytes);
+    if ($payloadBytes <= 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return (int)(ceil($payloadBytes / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES) * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES);
+}
+
+function calibrated_usage_range(PDO $pdo, DateTimeInterface $start, DateTimeInterface $end): array
+{
+    $averages = usage_success_averages($pdo, $start, $end);
+    $avgByCmd = $averages['avg_by_cmd'];
+    $globalAverage = $averages['global_average'];
+
+    $sentBytes = 0;
+    $receivedBytes = 0;
+    $totalBytes = 0;
+    $firstUsageTs = null;
+    $lastUsageTs = null;
+
+    $adjustedTotalBytes = 0;
+    $adjustedFailureBytes = 0;
+    $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes = 0;
+    $carrierAdjustedFailureBytes = 0;
+    $connectedFailureCount = 0;
+    $connectFailureCount = 0;
+    $receiveGapExcludedCount = 0;
+    $lastSuccessfulTs = null;
+    $sampleCount = 0;
+
+    $stmt = null;
+    $previousBuffered = $pdo->getAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY);
+    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY, false);
+
+    try {
+        $stmt = $pdo->prepare(""
+            . "SELECT ts, cmd, sent_bytes, received_bytes, total_bytes, carrier_estimated_bytes, tcp_ok "
+            . "FROM car_data_usage "
+            . "WHERE id='car' AND ts >= :start_ts AND ts < :end_ts "
+            . "ORDER BY ts ASC"
+        );
+        $stmt->execute([
+            ':start_ts' => $start->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+            ':end_ts' => $end->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+        ]);
+
+        while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
+            $sampleCount++;
+            $cmd = (string)($row['cmd'] ?? '');
+            $sent = (int)($row['sent_bytes'] ?? 0);
+            $received = (int)($row['received_bytes'] ?? 0);
+            $total = (int)($row['total_bytes'] ?? 0);
+            $tcpOk = (int)($row['tcp_ok'] ?? 0) === 1;
+            $rowTs = strtotime((string)($row['ts'] ?? ''));
+
+            $sentBytes += $sent;
+            $receivedBytes += $received;
+            $totalBytes += $total;
+
+            if ($firstUsageTs === null && !empty($row['ts'])) {
+                $firstUsageTs = (string)$row['ts'];
+            }
+            if (!empty($row['ts'])) {
+                $lastUsageTs = (string)$row['ts'];
+            }
+
+            if ($tcpOk) {
+                $adjustedTotalBytes += $total;
+                $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes += (int)($row['carrier_estimated_bytes'] ?? 0) > 0
+                    ? (int)$row['carrier_estimated_bytes']
+                    : carrier_billing_bytes($total);
+                if ($rowTs !== false) {
+                    $lastSuccessfulTs = $rowTs;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($sent <= 0) {
+                // TCP 연결 자체가 실패한 건은 모뎀까지 명령이 전달되지 않은 것으로 보고 과금 추정에서 제외한다.
+                $connectFailureCount++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $connectedFailureCount++;
+
+            if (
+                $lastSuccessfulTs === null ||
+                $rowTs === false ||
+                ($rowTs - $lastSuccessfulTs) > RECEIVE_GAP_LIMIT_SEC
+            ) {
+                $receiveGapExcludedCount++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $estimatedBytes = $avgByCmd[$cmd] ?? $globalAverage;
+
+            if ($estimatedBytes <= 0) {
+                $estimatedBytes = max($sent, $total);
+            }
+
+            $adjustedTotalBytes += $estimatedBytes;
+            $adjustedFailureBytes += $estimatedBytes;
+            $carrierEstimatedBytes = carrier_billing_bytes($estimatedBytes);
+            $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes += $carrierEstimatedBytes;
+            $carrierAdjustedFailureBytes += $carrierEstimatedBytes;
+        }
+    } finally {
+        if ($stmt instanceof PDOStatement) {
+            $stmt->closeCursor();
+        }
+        $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY, $previousBuffered);
+    }
+
+    return [
+        'sent_bytes' => $sentBytes,
+        'received_bytes' => $receivedBytes,
+        'total_bytes' => $totalBytes,
+        'adjusted_total_bytes' => $adjustedTotalBytes,
+        'adjusted_failure_bytes' => $adjustedFailureBytes,
+        'carrier_adjusted_total_bytes' => $carrierAdjustedTotalBytes,
+        'carrier_adjusted_failure_bytes' => $carrierAdjustedFailureBytes,
+        'connected_failure_count' => $connectedFailureCount,
+        'connect_failure_count' => $connectFailureCount,
+        'receive_gap_excluded_count' => $receiveGapExcludedCount,
+        'sample_count' => $sampleCount,
+        'success_count' => $averages['success_count'],
+        'success_average_bytes' => $globalAverage,
+        'first_usage_ts' => $firstUsageTs,
+        'last_usage_ts' => $lastUsageTs,
+    ];
+}
+
+function billing_usage_row(array $row): array
+{
+    $totalBytes = (int)($row['total_bytes'] ?? 0);
+    $includedBytes = (int)($row['included_bytes'] ?? DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES);
+
+    return [
+        'month' => (string)($row['month'] ?? ''),
+        'anchor_ts' => $row['anchor_ts'] ?? null,
+        'total_bytes' => $totalBytes,
+        'total_mb' => round(bytes_to_mb($totalBytes), 6),
+        'meter_adjusted_bytes' => (int)($row['meter_adjusted_bytes'] ?? 0),
+        'included_bytes' => $includedBytes,
+        'included_mb' => round(bytes_to_mb($includedBytes), 6),
+        'coupon_registered_at' => $row['coupon_registered_at'] ?? null,
+        'source' => (string)($row['source'] ?? 'manual'),
+        'note' => $row['note'] ?? null,
+        'created_at' => $row['created_at'] ?? null,
+    ];
+}
+
+function current_billing_usage(string $month, ?PDO $pdo = null): ?array
+{
+    if ($pdo instanceof PDO) {
+        try {
+            $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT month, anchor_ts, total_bytes, meter_adjusted_bytes, included_bytes, source, note, created_at
+                FROM car_usage_calibrations
+                WHERE month = ?
+                ORDER BY anchor_ts DESC, id DESC
+                LIMIT 1");
+            $stmt->execute([$month]);
+            $row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+            if (is_array($row)) {
+                return billing_usage_row($row);
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            // 테이블 생성 전이거나 DB 권한 문제가 있으면 아래 상수 기준점을 사용한다.
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!isset(DATA_CURRENT_BILLING_USAGE_BYTES[$month])) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    $row = DATA_CURRENT_BILLING_USAGE_BYTES[$month];
+    return billing_usage_row([
+        'month' => $month,
+        'anchor_ts' => $row['anchor_ts'] ?? null,
+        'total_bytes' => (int)($row['total_bytes'] ?? 0),
+        'meter_adjusted_bytes' => (int)($row['meter_adjusted_bytes'] ?? 0),
+        'included_bytes' => (int)($row['included_bytes'] ?? DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES),
+        'coupon_registered_at' => $row['coupon_registered_at'] ?? null,
+        'source' => 'constant',
+        'note' => '코드 기준점',
+        'created_at' => null,
+    ]);
+}
+
+function billing_meter_scale(?array $currentBilling): float
+{
+    if (!$currentBilling) {
+        return 1.0;
+    }
+
+    $meterAdjustedBytes = (int)($currentBilling['meter_adjusted_bytes'] ?? 0);
+    if ($meterAdjustedBytes <= 0) {
+        return 1.0;
+    }
+
+    return (int)($currentBilling['total_bytes'] ?? 0) / $meterAdjustedBytes;
+}
+
+function previous_billing_usage(string $month, ?PDO $pdo = null): ?array
+{
+    $dbRow = null;
+    if ($pdo instanceof PDO) {
+        try {
+            $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT month, anchor_ts, total_bytes, meter_adjusted_bytes, included_bytes, source, note, created_at
+                FROM car_usage_calibrations
+                WHERE month < ?
+                ORDER BY month DESC, anchor_ts DESC, id DESC
+                LIMIT 1");
+            $stmt->execute([$month]);
+            $row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+            if (is_array($row)) {
+                $dbRow = billing_usage_row($row);
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $dbRow = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    $constantMonth = null;
+    foreach (DATA_CURRENT_BILLING_USAGE_BYTES as $billingMonth => $row) {
+        if ($billingMonth >= $month || ($row['meter_adjusted_bytes'] ?? 0) <= 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ($constantMonth === null || $billingMonth > $constantMonth) {
+            $constantMonth = $billingMonth;
+        }
+    }
+    $constantRow = $constantMonth ? current_billing_usage($constantMonth, null) : null;
+
+    if ($dbRow && (!$constantRow || strcmp((string)$dbRow['month'], (string)$constantRow['month']) >= 0)) {
+        return $dbRow;
+    }
+
+    return $constantRow;
+}
+
+function billing_meter_scale_info(string $month, ?array $currentBilling, ?PDO $pdo = null): array
+{
+    $currentScale = billing_meter_scale($currentBilling);
+    if ($currentBilling && $currentScale > 0) {
+        return [
+            'scale' => $currentScale,
+            'source' => 'current_month_anchor',
+            'source_month' => $month,
+            'source_billing' => $currentBilling,
+        ];
+    }
+
+    $fallbackBilling = previous_billing_usage($month, $pdo);
+
+    $fallbackScale = billing_meter_scale($fallbackBilling);
+    if ($fallbackBilling && $fallbackScale > 0) {
+        return [
+            'scale' => $fallbackScale,
+            'source' => 'previous_month_anchor',
+            'source_month' => $fallbackBilling['month'] ?? null,
+            'source_billing' => $fallbackBilling,
+        ];
+    }
+
+    return [
+        'scale' => 1.0,
+        'source' => 'meter_adjusted_usage',
+        'source_month' => null,
+        'source_billing' => null,
+    ];
+}
+
+function billing_calibration(?array $currentBilling, array $billingScaleInfo): array
+{
+    $estimatedCurrentBytes = $currentBilling ? (int)$currentBilling['total_bytes'] : 0;
+    $billingScale = (float)($billingScaleInfo['scale'] ?? 1.0);
+    $source = $billingScaleInfo['source'] ?? 'meter_adjusted_usage';
+    $sourceBilling = $billingScaleInfo['source_billing'] ?? null;
+    $note = match ($source) {
+        'current_month_anchor' => 'T world 현재월 사용량으로 0.5KB 올림 TCP 세션 누적값의 보정 배율을 역산합니다. TCP payload 계측값도 별도로 유지합니다.',
+        'previous_month_anchor' => '현재월 T world 기준점이 아직 없어서 가장 최근 월 보정 배율을 임시로 사용합니다. 현재월 기준점이 기록되면 그 배율로 다시 계산합니다.',
+        default => '통신사형 사용량은 과금 대상 TCP 세션을 0.5KB 단위로 올림 처리합니다. 순수 연결 실패와 긴 수신 공백은 제외합니다.',
+    };
+
+    return [
+        'mode' => $source,
+        'note' => $note,
+        'current_billing' => $currentBilling,
+        'scale_source_billing' => $sourceBilling,
+        'billing_meter_scale_source' => $source,
+        'billing_meter_scale_source_month' => $billingScaleInfo['source_month'] ?? null,
+        'billing_meter_scale' => round($billingScale, 6),
+        'projected_total_bytes' => 0,
+        'projected_total_mb' => 0.0,
+        'estimated_current_bytes' => $estimatedCurrentBytes,
+        'estimated_current_mb' => round(bytes_to_mb($estimatedCurrentBytes), 2),
+        'formula_fee_per_mb_krw' => round(1024 * 1024 / DATA_BILLING_UNIT_BYTES * DATA_BILLING_UNIT_KRW, 3),
+    ];
+}
+
+function request_payload(): array
+{
+    $raw = file_get_contents('php://input');
+    if (is_string($raw) && trim($raw) !== '') {
+        $json = json_decode($raw, true);
+        if (is_array($json)) {
+            return $json;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $_POST;
+}
+
+function parse_usage_bytes(mixed $value, string $unit): int
+{
+    $normalized = trim(str_replace(',', '', (string)$value));
+    if ($normalized === '' || !is_numeric($normalized)) {
+        throw new InvalidArgumentException('T world 사용량을 숫자로 입력해야 합니다.');
+    }
+
+    $amount = (float)$normalized;
+    if ($amount < 0) {
+        throw new InvalidArgumentException('T world 사용량은 0 이상이어야 합니다.');
+    }
+
+    return match (strtolower(trim($unit))) {
+        'b', 'byte', 'bytes' => (int)round($amount),
+        'kb', 'kib' => (int)round($amount * 1024),
+        'mb', 'mib' => (int)round($amount * 1024 * 1024),
+        default => throw new InvalidArgumentException('사용량 단위는 B, KB, MB 중 하나여야 합니다.'),
+    };
+}
+
+function parse_anchor_datetime(?string $value): DateTimeImmutable
+{
+    $timezone = new DateTimeZone(date_default_timezone_get());
+    $raw = trim((string)$value);
+    if ($raw === '') {
+        return new DateTimeImmutable('now', $timezone);
+    }
+
+    $normalized = str_replace('T', ' ', $raw);
+    if (preg_match('/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$/', $normalized)) {
+        $normalized .= ':00';
+    }
+
+    $dt = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s', $normalized, $timezone);
+    if (!$dt) {
+        throw new InvalidArgumentException('기준 시각 형식이 올바르지 않습니다.');
+    }
+
+    return $dt;
+}
+
+function save_usage_calibration(PDO $pdo, array $payload): array
+{
+    $anchor = parse_anchor_datetime($payload['anchor_ts'] ?? null);
+    $monthStart = $anchor->modify('first day of this month')->setTime(0, 0, 0);
+    $nextMonthStart = $monthStart->modify('first day of next month');
+    if ($anchor < $monthStart || $anchor >= $nextMonthStart) {
+        throw new InvalidArgumentException('기준 시각이 현재 월 범위를 벗어났습니다.');
+    }
+
+    $carrierBytes = parse_usage_bytes($payload['total_usage'] ?? '', (string)($payload['unit'] ?? 'KB'));
+    $rangeUsage = calibrated_usage_range($pdo, $monthStart, $anchor);
+    $meterBytes = (int)$rangeUsage['carrier_adjusted_total_bytes'];
+    if ($meterBytes <= 0) {
+        throw new RuntimeException('기준 시각까지의 로컬 통신사형 누적값이 없습니다.');
+    }
+
+    $month = $monthStart->format('Y-m');
+    $anchorText = $anchor->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+    $note = trim((string)($payload['note'] ?? ''));
+    if (function_exists('mb_strlen') && mb_strlen($note) > 255) {
+        $note = mb_substr($note, 0, 255);
+    } elseif (strlen($note) > 255) {
+        $note = substr($note, 0, 255);
+    }
+
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO car_usage_calibrations
+        (month, anchor_ts, total_bytes, meter_adjusted_bytes, included_bytes, source, note)
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 'manual', ?)
+        ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
+            total_bytes = VALUES(total_bytes),
+            meter_adjusted_bytes = VALUES(meter_adjusted_bytes),
+            included_bytes = VALUES(included_bytes),
+            source = VALUES(source),
+            note = VALUES(note),
+            created_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP");
+    $stmt->execute([
+        $month,
+        $anchorText,
+        $carrierBytes,
+        $meterBytes,
+        DATA_MONTHLY_INCLUDED_BYTES,
+        $note === '' ? null : $note,
+    ]);
+
+    return [
+        'month' => $month,
+        'anchor_ts' => $anchorText,
+        'total_bytes' => $carrierBytes,
+        'meter_adjusted_bytes' => $meterBytes,
+        'scale' => round($carrierBytes / $meterBytes, 6),
+        'note' => $note === '' ? null : $note,
+    ];
+}
+
+function usage_calibration_rows(PDO $pdo): array
+{
+    $stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT month, anchor_ts, total_bytes, meter_adjusted_bytes, included_bytes, source, note, created_at
+        FROM car_usage_calibrations
+        ORDER BY month DESC, anchor_ts DESC, id DESC
+        LIMIT 12");
+    $rows = [];
+    foreach ($stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $row) {
+        $billing = billing_usage_row($row);
+        $meter = max(1, (int)$billing['meter_adjusted_bytes']);
+        $billing['scale'] = round((int)$billing['total_bytes'] / $meter, 6);
+        $rows[] = $billing;
+    }
+
+    return $rows;
+}
+
+function json_response(array $payload, int $status = 200): void
+{
+    http_response_code($status);
+    header('Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8');
+    header('Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate');
+    echo json_encode($payload, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
+    exit;
+}
+
+function car_monitor_cookie_secret(): string
+{
+    global $carSecretConfig;
+
+    $secret = (string)($carSecretConfig['monitor_auth']['secret'] ?? $carSecretConfig['auth_token'] ?? '');
+    if ($secret === '') {
+        throw new RuntimeException('Car monitor auth secret is missing.');
+    }
+
+    return $secret;
+}
+
+function car_monitor_cookie_options(int $expires): array
+{
+    return [
+        'expires' => $expires,
+        'path' => '/custom/car/',
+        'secure' => (!empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] !== 'off'),
+        'httponly' => true,
+        'samesite' => 'Strict',
+    ];
+}
+
 function car_monitor_settings_cookie_value(int $expires): string
-{
-    $body = base64_encode(json_encode([
-        'aud' => 'car-monitor-settings',
-        'exp' => $expires,
-        'iat' => time(),
-    ], JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES));
-    $sig = hash_hmac('sha256', $body, car_monitor_cookie_secret());
-
-    return $body . '.' . $sig;
-}
-
-function car_monitor_issue_settings_cookie(): void
-{
-    $expires = time() + CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_TTL;
-    setcookie(CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_COOKIE, car_monitor_settings_cookie_value($expires), car_monitor_cookie_options($expires));
-}
-
-function car_monitor_has_settings_access(): bool
-{
-    $cookie = $_COOKIE[CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_COOKIE] ?? '';
-    if (!is_string($cookie) || strpos($cookie, '.') === false) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    [$body, $sig] = explode('.', $cookie, 2);
-    $expected = hash_hmac('sha256', $body, car_monitor_cookie_secret());
-    if (!hash_equals($expected, $sig)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    $decoded = base64_decode($body, true);
-    $payload = $decoded !== false ? json_decode($decoded, true) : null;
-    return is_array($payload)
-        && ($payload['aud'] ?? '') === 'car-monitor-settings'
-        && (int)($payload['exp'] ?? 0) >= time();
-}
-
-function car_monitor_require_settings_access(): void
-{
-    if (car_monitor_has_settings_access()) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    json_response([
-        'status' => 'forbidden',
-        'message' => '관리자 비밀번호가 필요합니다.',
-    ], 403);
-}
-
+{
+    $body = base64_encode(json_encode([
+        'aud' => 'car-monitor-settings',
+        'exp' => $expires,
+        'iat' => time(),
+    ], JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES));
+    $sig = hash_hmac('sha256', $body, car_monitor_cookie_secret());
+
+    return $body . '.' . $sig;
+}
+
+function car_monitor_issue_settings_cookie(): void
+{
+    $expires = time() + CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_TTL;
+    setcookie(CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_COOKIE, car_monitor_settings_cookie_value($expires), car_monitor_cookie_options($expires));
+}
+
+function car_monitor_has_settings_access(): bool
+{
+    $cookie = $_COOKIE[CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_COOKIE] ?? '';
+    if (!is_string($cookie) || strpos($cookie, '.') === false) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    [$body, $sig] = explode('.', $cookie, 2);
+    $expected = hash_hmac('sha256', $body, car_monitor_cookie_secret());
+    if (!hash_equals($expected, $sig)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    $decoded = base64_decode($body, true);
+    $payload = $decoded !== false ? json_decode($decoded, true) : null;
+    return is_array($payload)
+        && ($payload['aud'] ?? '') === 'car-monitor-settings'
+        && (int)($payload['exp'] ?? 0) >= time();
+}
+
+function car_monitor_require_settings_access(): void
+{
+    if (car_monitor_has_settings_access()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    json_response([
+        'status' => 'forbidden',
+        'message' => '관리자 비밀번호가 필요합니다.',
+    ], 403);
+}
+
 function car_monitor_launcher_session(): array
 {
     static $session = null;
-
+
     if (is_array($session)) {
         return $session;
     }
 
-    $cookieHeader = trim((string)($_SERVER['HTTP_COOKIE'] ?? ''));
-    if ($cookieHeader !== '') {
-        $remoteSession = car_monitor_launcher_api_request('GET', 'https://chaegeon.com/custom/launcher/api.php?session=1', null, $cookieHeader);
-        if (is_array($remoteSession) && !empty($remoteSession['authenticated'])) {
-            car_monitor_issue_cookie();
-            $session = ['authenticated' => true];
-            return $session;
-        }
-    }
-
-    $cookiePayload = car_monitor_cookie_payload();
-    if (is_array($cookiePayload)) {
-        $session = ['authenticated' => true];
+    if (custom_is_site_admin()) {
+        custom_issue_auth_cookie(true);
+        $session = ['authenticated' => true, 'admin' => true];
         return $session;
     }
 
-    $session = ['authenticated' => false];
+    if (custom_has_auth_cookie()) {
+        $session = [
+            'authenticated' => true,
+            'admin' => custom_auth_cookie_is_admin(),
+        ];
+        return $session;
+    }
+
+    $session = ['authenticated' => false, 'admin' => false];
     return $session;
 }
 
-function car_monitor_launcher_api_request(string $method, string $url, ?array $payload = null, string $cookieHeader = ''): ?array
-{
-    $body = false;
-
-    if (function_exists('curl_init')) {
-        $ch = curl_init($url);
-        if ($ch !== false) {
-            $headers = ['User-Agent: car-monitor-auth/1.0'];
-            if ($cookieHeader !== '') {
-                $headers[] = 'Cookie: ' . $cookieHeader;
-            }
-            if ($payload !== null) {
-                $headers[] = 'Content-Type: application/json';
-            }
-
-            curl_setopt_array($ch, [
-                CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
-                CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT => 2,
-                CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 4,
-                CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST => strtoupper($method),
-                CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $headers,
-            ]);
-            if ($payload !== null) {
-                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($payload, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE));
-            }
-            $body = curl_exec($ch);
-            curl_close($ch);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if ($body === false) {
-        $context = stream_context_create([
-            'http' => [
-                'method' => strtoupper($method),
-                'timeout' => 4,
-                'header' => ($cookieHeader !== '' ? "Cookie: {$cookieHeader}\r\n" : '')
-                    . "User-Agent: car-monitor-auth/1.0\r\n"
-                    . ($payload !== null ? "Content-Type: application/json\r\n" : ''),
-                'content' => $payload !== null ? json_encode($payload, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE) : '',
-            ],
-        ]);
-        $body = @file_get_contents($url, false, $context);
-    }
-
-    $data = is_string($body) ? json_decode($body, true) : null;
-    return is_array($data) ? $data : null;
-}
-
-function car_monitor_has_access(): bool
-{
-    $session = car_monitor_launcher_session();
-    return !empty($session['authenticated']);
-}
-
+function car_monitor_has_access(): bool
+{
+    $session = car_monitor_launcher_session();
+    return !empty($session['authenticated']);
+}
+
 function car_monitor_require_access(bool $json = false): void
 {
+    if (function_exists('custom_block_login_denied')) {
+        custom_block_login_denied($json);
+    }
+
     if (car_monitor_has_access()) {
         return;
     }
-
-    if ($json) {
-        json_response([
-            'status' => 'unauthorized',
-            'message' => '런처 인증이 필요합니다.',
-        ], 401);
-    }
-
-    http_response_code(401);
-    header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
-    header('Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate');
-    ?>
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="ko">
-<head>
-<meta charset="UTF-8">
-<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
-<title>차량 모니터 인증</title>
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://chaegeon.com/custom/common/css/launcher.css">
-</head>
-<body>
-<main class="car-auth-page">
-    <div id="findMyShortcut"></div>
-</main>
-<script src="https://chaegeon.com/custom/common/js/auth-pin.js"></script>
-<script>
-window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
-    window.CustomAuthPin && window.CustomAuthPin.render({
-        mount: '#findMyShortcut',
-        apiUrl: '/car/monitor.php?mode=auth-login',
-        title: '비밀번호',
-        placeholder: '비밀번호',
-        backLabel: '채건닷컴',
-        backHref: 'https://chaegeon.com/',
-        onSuccess: function () { location.reload(); }
-    });
-});
-</script>
-</body>
-</html>
-    <?php
-    exit;
-}
-
+
+    if ($json) {
+        json_response([
+            'status' => 'unauthorized',
+            'message' => '런처 인증이 필요합니다.',
+        ], 401);
+    }
+
+    http_response_code(401);
+    header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
+    header('Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate');
+    ?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+<title>차량 모니터 인증</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://chaegeon.com/custom/common/css/launcher.css">
+</head>
+<body>
+<main class="car-auth-page">
+    <div id="findMyShortcut"></div>
+</main>
+<script src="https://chaegeon.com/custom/common/js/auth-pin.js"></script>
+<script>
+window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
+    window.CustomAuthPin && window.CustomAuthPin.render({
+        mount: '#findMyShortcut',
+        apiUrl: '/custom/car/monitor.php?mode=auth-login',
+        title: '비밀번호',
+        placeholder: '비밀번호',
+        backLabel: '채건닷컴',
+        backHref: 'https://chaegeon.com/',
+        onSuccess: function () { location.reload(); }
+    });
+});
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>
+    <?php
+    exit;
+}
+
 function car_monitor_issue_pwa_cookie_if_requested(): void
 {
-    if (($_GET['pwa'] ?? '') !== '1') {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $fetchDest = strtolower((string)($_SERVER['HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST'] ?? ''));
-    if ($fetchDest !== '' && $fetchDest !== 'document') {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    $cookieHeader = trim((string)($_SERVER['HTTP_COOKIE'] ?? ''));
-    if ($cookieHeader !== '') {
-        $remoteSession = car_monitor_launcher_api_request('GET', 'https://chaegeon.com/custom/launcher/api.php?session=1', null, $cookieHeader);
-        if (is_array($remoteSession) && !empty($remoteSession['authenticated'])) {
-            car_monitor_issue_cookie();
-        }
-    }
-
-    header('Location: /car/monitor.php', true, 302);
+    if (($_GET['pwa'] ?? '') !== '1') {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $fetchDest = strtolower((string)($_SERVER['HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST'] ?? ''));
+    if ($fetchDest !== '' && $fetchDest !== 'document') {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    header('Location: /custom/car/monitor.php', true, 302);
     exit;
 }
-
+
 function car_monitor_auth_api(): void
 {
+    if (function_exists('custom_block_login_denied')) {
+        custom_block_login_denied(true);
+    }
+
     if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'GET' && isset($_GET['failMessages'])) {
         json_response(['failMessages' => ['비밀번호가 틀립니다.']]);
     }
-
-    if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] !== 'POST') {
-        json_response(['error' => 'method_not_allowed'], 405);
-    }
-
-    $data = request_payload();
-    $password = (string)($data['password'] ?? '');
-    if (preg_match('/^\d{4}$/', $password) !== 1) {
-        json_response(['result' => 'fail', 'message' => 'password_digits_only'], 401);
-    }
-
-    $remote = car_monitor_launcher_api_request('POST', 'https://chaegeon.com/custom/launcher/api.php', [
-        'action' => 'login',
-        'password' => $password,
-    ]);
-    if (is_array($remote) && ($remote['result'] ?? '') === 'ok') {
-        car_monitor_issue_cookie();
+
+    if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] !== 'POST') {
+        json_response(['error' => 'method_not_allowed'], 405);
+    }
+
+    $data = request_payload();
+    $password = (string)($data['password'] ?? '');
+    if (preg_match('/^\d{4}$/', $password) !== 1) {
+        json_response(['result' => 'fail', 'message' => 'password_digits_only'], 401);
+    }
+
+    if (custom_verify_password($password)) {
+        custom_issue_auth_cookie(false);
         json_response(['result' => 'ok']);
     }
-
-    json_response(['result' => 'fail'], 401);
-}
-
-function car_monitor_settings_auth_api(): void
-{
-    car_monitor_require_access(true);
-
-    if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] !== 'POST') {
-        json_response(['error' => 'method_not_allowed'], 405);
-    }
-
-    $data = request_payload();
-    $password = (string)($data['password'] ?? '');
-    if (!hash_equals(CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_PASSWORD, $password)) {
-        json_response([
-            'status' => 'forbidden',
-            'message' => '관리자 비밀번호가 올바르지 않습니다.',
-        ], 403);
-    }
-
-    car_monitor_issue_settings_cookie();
-    json_response([
-        'status' => 'success',
-        'settings_authenticated' => true,
-        'expires_in' => CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_TTL,
-    ]);
-}
-
-if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'auth-login') {
-    car_monitor_auth_api();
-}
-
-if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'settings-auth') {
-    car_monitor_settings_auth_api();
-}
-
-car_monitor_issue_pwa_cookie_if_requested();
-
-if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'ajax') {
-    car_monitor_require_access(true);
-
-    try {
-        $pdo = car_db();
-
-        $latest = $pdo->query(""
-            . "SELECT * FROM car_status "
-            . "WHERE id='car' "
-            . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 1"
-        )->fetch() ?: null;
-
-        $stmtLogs = $pdo->prepare(""
-            . "SELECT ts, cmd, boundary, engine, driving, battery_voltage, "
-            . "door_fl, door_fr, door_rl, door_rr, door_trunk, "
-            . "remote_start_preparing, remote_start_running, remote_start_remaining, "
-            . "hazard, raw_full, raw_trim "
-            . "FROM car_status "
-            . "WHERE id='car' "
-            . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT :limit"
-        );
-        $stmtLogs->bindValue(':limit', LOG_LIMIT, PDO::PARAM_INT);
-        $stmtLogs->execute();
-        $logs = $stmtLogs->fetchAll();
-        $serverNow = time();
-        foreach ($logs as &$logRow) {
-            $rowTs = strtotime((string)($logRow['ts'] ?? ''));
-            $logRow['age_seconds'] = $rowTs !== false
-                ? max(0, $serverNow - $rowTs)
-                : 0;
-        }
-        unset($logRow);
-
-        $stmtChart = $pdo->prepare(""
-            . "SELECT ts, battery_voltage FROM ("
-            . "  SELECT ts, battery_voltage "
-            . "  FROM car_status "
-            . "  WHERE id='car' AND battery_voltage > 0 "
-            . "  ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT :limit"
-            . ") AS recent ORDER BY ts ASC"
-        );
-        $stmtChart->bindValue(':limit', CHART_LIMIT, PDO::PARAM_INT);
-        $stmtChart->execute();
-        $chart = $stmtChart->fetchAll();
-
-        $ageSeconds = seconds_from_ts($latest['ts'] ?? null);
-        $latestTcp = latest_tcp_usage($pdo);
-
-        $isFastPollState = $latest ? (
-            (int)($latest['driving'] ?? 0) === 1 ||
-            (int)($latest['engine'] ?? 0) === 1 ||
-            (int)($latest['remote_start_preparing'] ?? 0) === 1 ||
-            (int)($latest['remote_start_running'] ?? 0) === 1
-        ) : false;
-        $isStale = $ageSeconds !== null && $ageSeconds > 30;
-        $staleReason = null;
-        if ($isStale && $latestTcp && (int)$latestTcp['tcp_ok'] === 0) {
-            $staleReason = (string)($latestTcp['tcp_error'] ?? 'tcp_failed');
-        }
-
-        json_response([
-            'status' => 'success',
-            'data' => $latest,
-            'logs' => $logs,
-            'chart' => $chart,
-            'meta' => [
-                'age_seconds' => $ageSeconds,
-                'stale' => $isStale,
-                'stale_reason' => $staleReason,
-                'latest_tcp' => $latestTcp,
-                'server_time' => $serverNow,
-                'state_duration' => current_engine_state_duration($pdo, $latest),
-                'engine_state_duration' => current_engine_state_duration($pdo, $latest),
-                'poll_interval' => $isFastPollState ? 5 : 10,
-                'log_count' => count($logs),
-                'chart_count' => count($chart),
-            ],
-        ]);
-    } catch (Throwable $e) {
-        json_response([
-            'status' => 'error',
-            'message' => 'DB 조회 실패',
-        ], 500);
-    }
-}
-
-if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'usage') {
-    car_monitor_require_access(true);
-
-    try {
-        json_response([
-            'status' => 'success',
-            'usage' => monthly_data_usage(car_db()),
-        ]);
-    } catch (Throwable $e) {
-        json_response([
-            'status' => 'error',
-            'message' => '데이터 사용량 조회 실패',
-        ], 500);
-    }
-}
-
-if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'usage-calibration') {
-    car_monitor_require_access(true);
-    car_monitor_require_settings_access();
-
-    try {
-        $pdo = car_db();
-        if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
-            $saved = save_usage_calibration($pdo, request_payload());
-            json_response([
-                'status' => 'success',
-                'saved' => $saved,
-                'usage' => monthly_data_usage($pdo),
-                'calibrations' => usage_calibration_rows($pdo),
-            ]);
-        }
-
-        json_response([
-            'status' => 'success',
-            'usage' => monthly_data_usage($pdo),
-            'calibrations' => usage_calibration_rows($pdo),
-            'server_time' => time(),
-        ]);
-    } catch (Throwable $e) {
-        json_response([
-            'status' => 'error',
-            'message' => $e->getMessage(),
-        ], 400);
-    }
-}
-
-car_monitor_require_access(false);
-$carMonitorSession = car_monitor_launcher_session();
-?>
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="ko" data-bs-theme="light">
-<head>
-<script src="https://chaegeon.com/log/bancheck.min.js?_=<?php echo time(); ?>"></script>
-<meta charset="UTF-8">
-    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
-    <meta name="theme-color" content="#0f172a">
-    <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
-    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
-    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Car Monitor">
-    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
-    <title>Car Monitor</title>
-
-    <link rel="icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/car/assets/favicon.svg'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>" type="image/svg+xml">
-    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/car/favicon.ico'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>">
-    <link rel="icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/car/assets/icon-32.png'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>" type="image/png" sizes="32x32">
-    <link rel="icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/car/assets/icon-192.png'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>" type="image/png" sizes="192x192">
-    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/car/assets/apple-touch-icon.png'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>">
-    <link rel="manifest" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/car/assets/site.webmanifest'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>">
-    <script src="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/car/assets/asset-reload.js'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>" data-service="car" defer></script>
-    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
-    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
-    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Gowun+Dodum&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
-    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.4.0/css/all.min.css">
-    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
-    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chart.js"></script>
-
-    <style>
-        :root {
-            --font-main: 'Gowun Dodum', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
-
-            /* [Light Theme Variables] */
-            --bg-body: #f1f5f9;
-            --bg-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #e2e8f0 100%);
-
-            --card-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
-            --card-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
-            --card-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
-
-            --text-primary: #334155;
-            --text-secondary: #64748b;
-            --text-muted: #94a3b8;
-
-            --table-head-text: #64748b;
-            --table-row-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
-            --table-row-hover: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
-
-            --car-fill: #e2e8f0;
-            --car-stroke: #94a3b8;
-            --car-glass: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
-
-            --accent-blue: #3b82f6;
-            --accent-green: #10b981;
-            --accent-red: #ef4444;
-            --accent-yellow: #f59e0b;
-
-            --box-bg-blue: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
-            --box-bg-green: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.1);
-            --box-bg-red: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.1);
-            --box-bg-yellow: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.1);
-
-            --chart-line: #3b82f6;
-            --chart-grad-start: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.4);
-            --chart-grad-end: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0);
-
-            /* Badge Colors (Light) */
-            --badge-bg-parked: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.15);
-            --badge-text-parked: #64748b;
-            --badge-border-parked: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.3);
-
-            --badge-bg-driving: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.15);
-            --badge-text-driving: #10b981;
-            --badge-border-driving: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.3);
-        }
-
-        [data-bs-theme="dark"] {
-            /* [Dark Theme Variables] */
-            --bg-body: #0b0e14;
-            --bg-gradient: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0%, #1c2333 0%, #0b0e14 100%);
-
-            --card-bg: rgba(23, 28, 38, 0.6);
-            --card-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
-            --card-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
-
-            --text-primary: #e2e8f0;
-            --text-secondary: #94a3b8;
-            --text-muted: #64748b;
-
-            --table-head-text: #94a3b8;
-            --table-row-bg: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.4);
-            --table-row-hover: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.8);
-
-            --car-fill: #1e293b;
-            --car-stroke: #475569;
-            --car-glass: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
-
-            --box-bg-blue: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
-            --box-bg-green: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.15);
-            --box-bg-red: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.15);
-            --box-bg-yellow: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15);
-
-            --chart-line: #60a5fa;
-            --chart-grad-start: rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.5);
-            --chart-grad-end: rgba(96, 165, 250, 0);
-
-            /* Badge Colors (Dark) */
-            --badge-bg-parked: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
-            --badge-text-parked: #94a3b8;
-            --badge-border-parked: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
-
-            --badge-bg-driving: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2);
-            --badge-text-driving: #34d399;
-            --badge-border-driving: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2);
-        }
-
-        body {
-            font-family: var(--font-main);
-            background: var(--bg-body);
-            background-image: var(--bg-gradient);
-            background-attachment: fixed;
-            color: var(--text-primary);
-            min-height: 100vh;
-            transition: background 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
-        }
-
-        /* Glassmorphism Cards */
-        .glass-card {
-            background: var(--card-bg);
-            backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
-            -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
-            border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
-            border-radius: 20px;
-            box-shadow: var(--card-shadow);
-            transition: all 0.3s ease;
-            overflow: hidden; /* Fix for header background corner bleeding */
-        }
-        .glass-card > * {
-            min-width: 0;
-        }
-
-        /* Headers & Typography */
-        .dashboard-header {
-            display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
-            padding: 1.5rem 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
-        }
-        .blog-back-link {
-            display: inline-flex;
-            align-items: center;
-            gap: 4px;
-            margin-bottom: 6px;
-            color: var(--accent-blue);
-            font-size: 13px;
-            font-weight: 700;
-            line-height: 1;
-            text-decoration: none;
-            text-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
-            max-width: min(44vw, 260px);
-            overflow: hidden;
-            text-overflow: ellipsis;
-            white-space: nowrap;
-        }
-        .blog-back-link:hover,
-        .blog-back-link:focus {
-            color: var(--accent-blue);
-            text-decoration: none;
-        }
-        .blog-back-link .backArrow {
-            font-size: 22px;
-            line-height: 1;
-            transform: translateY(-1px);
-        }
-        .app-icon-main {
-            width: 75px;
-            height: 75px;
-            font-size: 1.45rem;
-            flex: 0 0 75px;
-        }
-        .app-title {
-            font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.5px; color: var(--text-primary);
-        }
-
-        .label-text { font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-secondary); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.8px; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
-        .value-text { font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.1; color: var(--text-primary); }
-        .unit-text { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-left: 2px; }
-        .font-mono { font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Menlo', 'Monaco', monospace; }
-        .panel-header {
-            min-height: 55px;
-            display: flex;
-            align-items: center;
-            padding: 1rem;
-            border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(108, 117, 125, 0.1);
-            background: rgba(108, 117, 125, 0.1);
-        }
-
-        /* Icon Squares */
-        .icon-box {
-            width: 46px; height: 46px; border-radius: 14px;
-            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
-            font-size: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;
-            border: 1px solid transparent; transition: all 0.3s ease;
-        }
-        .c-blue { background: var(--box-bg-blue); color: var(--accent-blue); border-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2); }
-        .c-green { background: var(--box-bg-green); color: var(--accent-green); border-color: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2); }
-        .c-red { background: var(--box-bg-red); color: var(--accent-red); border-color: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.2); }
-        .c-yellow { background: var(--box-bg-yellow); color: var(--accent-yellow); border-color: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2); }
-
-        /* Car Visuals */
-        .car-container {
-                        position: relative;
-                        height: 390px;
-                        display: flex;
-                        justify-content: center;
-                        align-items: center;
-                }
-        .car-body {
-            fill: var(--car-fill); stroke: var(--car-stroke); stroke-width: 2;
-            transition: all 0.5s ease; filter: drop-shadow(0 10px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
-        }
-        .car-glass { fill: var(--car-glass); }
-
-        /* Door Indicators */
-        .door-line {
-            position: absolute; background: var(--accent-red);
-            box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--accent-red);
-            opacity: 0; border-radius: 2px;
-            transform: var(--door-transform, none);
-            transform-origin: center;
-            transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
-        }
-        .door-line.open { opacity: 1; transform: var(--door-transform, none) scale(1.1); }
-
-        /* 더뉴 니로 2020 탑뷰 실루엣 기준 */
-                .dp-fl { top: 132px; left: calc(50% - 86px); width: 4px; height: 72px; }
-                .dp-fr { top: 132px; right: calc(50% - 86px); width: 4px; height: 72px; }
-
-                .dp-rl { top: 225px; left: calc(50% - 86px); width: 4px; height: 78px; }
-                .dp-rr { top: 225px; right: calc(50% - 86px); width: 4px; height: 78px; }
-
-                .dp-tk { --door-transform: translateX(-50%); bottom: 28px; left: 50%; width: 86px; height: 4px; }
-
-        /* Headlights */
-        .headlight-beam {
-            position: absolute; top: -40px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
-            width: 220px; height: 200px;
-            background: radial-gradient(ellipse at bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 60%);
-            mix-blend-mode: screen; opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.5s ease;
-            pointer-events: none; z-index: 0;
-        }
-        [data-bs-theme="light"] .headlight-beam { mix-blend-mode: hard-light; background: radial-gradient(ellipse at bottom, rgba(255, 200, 0, 0.5) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 60%); }
-        .headlight-beam.on { opacity: 0.6; }
-
-        /* Engine Icon */
-        .engine-indicator {
-            position: absolute;
-                        top: 46%;
-                        left: 50%;
-                        transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
-        }
-        .engine-indicator.active {
-            color: var(--accent-yellow);
-            filter: drop-shadow(0 0 15px var(--accent-yellow));
-            animation: spin-slow 4s linear infinite;
-        }
-        @keyframes spin-slow { 100% { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(360deg); } }
-
-        /* Log Table Styling */
-        .table-scroll {
-            max-height: 400px;
-            overflow: auto;
-            -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
-            scrollbar-gutter: stable;
-        }
-        .table-container { width: 100%; min-width: 720px; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0 5px; }
-        .table-container th {
-            font-size: 0.7rem; color: var(--table-head-text); font-weight: 700;
-            padding: 0 10px 10px 10px; text-align: center; border: none;
-        }
-        .table-container td {
-            background: var(--table-row-bg);
-            padding: 10px 10px; font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--text-primary);
-            border: none; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;
-            transition: background 0.2s; letter-spacing: -0.2px;
-            word-break: keep-all;
-        }
-        .table-container td:first-child {
-            padding-left: 8px;
-            padding-right: 6px;
-        }
-        .table-container td:last-child {
-            padding-left: 16px;
-            padding-right: 14px;
-        }
-        .table-container td:nth-last-child(2) {
-            font-size: 0.9rem;
-        }
-        .table-container th,
-        .table-container td:nth-child(1),
-        .table-container td:nth-child(3),
-        .table-container td:nth-child(7),
-        .table-container td:nth-child(8) {
-            white-space: nowrap;
-        }
-        .table-container tr:hover td { background: var(--table-row-hover); }
-        .table-container tr td:first-child { border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; }
-        .table-container tr td:last-child { border-top-right-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; }
-
-        /* Command Pills */
-        .cmd-pill {
-            display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 6px;
-            padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 6px;
-            font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 600; min-width: 90px;
-        }
-        .duration-line {
-            display: block;
-            max-width: 100%;
-            overflow: hidden;
-            text-overflow: ellipsis;
-            white-space: nowrap;
-        }
-
-        .detail-text {
-            color: var(--text-secondary);
-            font-family: 'SF Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.75rem;
-            white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; max-width: 180px; margin: 0 auto;
-        }
-        .btn-icon-toggle {
-            width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
-            background: var(--card-bg); color: var(--text-primary);
-            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; cursor: pointer;
-            transition: all 0.2s;
-        }
-        .btn-icon-toggle:hover { background: var(--bg-body); transform: scale(1.05); }
-        .btn-icon-toggle.active {
-            background: var(--box-bg-green);
-            border-color: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.45);
-            color: var(--accent-green);
-        }
-        .admin-settings-btn.d-none {
-            display: none !important;
-        }
-        .custom-modal-overlay {
-            position: fixed;
-            inset: 0;
-            z-index: 1080;
-            display: flex;
-            align-items: center;
-            justify-content: center;
-            padding: 18px;
-            background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.36);
-            backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
-            -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
-        }
-        .custom-modal-overlay[hidden] {
-            display: none !important;
-        }
-        .custom-modal-panel {
-            width: min(560px, 100%);
-            max-height: min(760px, calc(100vh - 36px));
-            overflow: auto;
-            border-radius: 20px;
-            background: var(--card-bg);
-            border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
-            box-shadow: 0 24px 80px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.28);
-            color: var(--text-primary);
-        }
-        .custom-modal-header,
-        .custom-modal-footer {
-            display: flex;
-            align-items: center;
-            justify-content: space-between;
-            gap: 12px;
-            padding: 18px 20px;
-        }
-        .custom-modal-header {
-            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);
-        }
-        .custom-modal-footer {
-            border-top: 1px solid var(--card-border);
-            justify-content: flex-end;
-        }
-        .custom-modal-body {
-            padding: 18px 20px 20px;
-        }
-        .calibration-grid {
-            display: grid;
-            grid-template-columns: 1fr 120px;
-            gap: 12px;
-        }
-        .calibration-field {
-            display: flex;
-            flex-direction: column;
-            gap: 6px;
-            margin-bottom: 14px;
-        }
-        .calibration-field label {
-            font-size: 0.78rem;
-            font-weight: 700;
-            color: var(--text-secondary);
-        }
-        .calibration-field input,
-        .calibration-field select {
-            width: 100%;
-            border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
-            border-radius: 12px;
-            background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
-            color: #0f172a;
-            padding: 10px 12px;
-            font: inherit;
-            outline: none;
-        }
-        [data-bs-theme="dark"] .calibration-field input,
-        [data-bs-theme="dark"] .calibration-field select {
-            background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.86);
-            color: var(--text-primary);
-        }
-        .calibration-summary {
-            display: grid;
-            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
-            gap: 8px;
-            margin: 14px 0;
-        }
-        .calibration-summary-item {
-            border-radius: 12px;
-            background: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.12);
-            padding: 10px 12px;
-        }
-        .calibration-history {
-            margin-top: 14px;
-            border-radius: 12px;
-            overflow: hidden;
-            border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
-        }
-        .calibration-history-row {
-            display: grid;
-            grid-template-columns: 92px 1fr 78px;
-            gap: 8px;
-            padding: 9px 10px;
-            font-size: 0.78rem;
-            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);
-        }
-        .calibration-history-row:last-child {
-            border-bottom: 0;
-        }
-        .calibration-message {
-            min-height: 22px;
-            font-size: 0.82rem;
-        }
-        @media (max-width: 575px) {
-            .custom-modal-overlay {
-                align-items: stretch;
-                padding: 10px;
-            }
-            .custom-modal-panel {
-                max-height: calc(100vh - 20px);
-            }
-            .calibration-grid,
-            .calibration-summary {
-                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
-            }
-            .calibration-history-row {
-                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
-            }
-        }
-
-        @keyframes pulse-ring {
-            0% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.7); }
-            70% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(239, 68, 68, 0); }
-            100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(239, 68, 68, 0); }
-        }
-        .status-active-pulse { animation: pulse-ring 2s infinite; }
-
-        /* Status Badge */
-        .status-badge {
-            padding: 0.35em 1em;
-            border-radius: 50rem;
-            font-weight: 500;
-            font-size: 0.85rem;
-            border: 1px solid transparent;
-            transition: all 0.3s ease;
-        }
-
-        .status-badge.parked {
-            background-color: var(--badge-bg-parked);
-            color: var(--badge-text-parked);
-            border-color: var(--badge-border-parked);
-        }
-
-        .status-badge.driving {
-            background-color: var(--badge-bg-driving);
-            color: var(--badge-text-driving);
-            border-color: var(--badge-border-driving);
-        }
-        .trim-link {
-            cursor: pointer;
-        }
-        .trim-link:hover {
-            color: var(--accent-blue);
-        }
-        .usage-card {
-            padding: 1.5rem 1.7rem;
-        }
-        .usage-layout {
-            display: grid;
-            grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 305px) 1fr;
-            gap: 1.3rem;
-            align-items: center;
-        }
-        .usage-head {
-            display: flex;
-            align-items: center;
-            gap: 1rem;
-            min-width: 0;
-        }
-        .usage-icon {
-            flex: 0 0 auto;
-            margin-bottom: 0;
-        }
-        .usage-main {
-            min-width: 0;
-            overflow-x: auto;
-            overflow-y: hidden;
-            -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
-            scrollbar-gutter: stable;
-        }
-        .usage-meter {
-            height: 11px;
-            border-radius: 999px;
-            background: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.22);
-            overflow: hidden;
-            margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
-            min-width: 660px;
-        }
-        .usage-meter-fill {
-            height: 100%;
-            width: 0%;
-            border-radius: inherit;
-            background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-green), var(--accent-blue));
-            transition: width 0.25s ease, background 0.25s ease;
-        }
-        .usage-meter-fill.warning {
-            background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-yellow), var(--accent-red));
-        }
-        .usage-stat {
-            min-width: 0;
-        }
-        .usage-stat .font-mono {
-            white-space: nowrap;
-        }
-        .usage-metrics {
-            display: flex;
-            justify-content: space-between;
-            gap: 1rem;
-            min-width: 660px;
-            align-items: flex-start;
-        }
-        .usage-metric {
-            flex: 0 0 auto;
-            text-align: center;
-        }
-        .usage-metric:first-child {
-            text-align: left;
-        }
-        .usage-metric:last-child {
-            text-align: right;
-        }
-        .usage-metric .label-text {
-            font-size: 0.7rem;
-            margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
-            letter-spacing: 0.45px;
-            white-space: nowrap;
-        }
-        .usage-metric .font-mono {
-            font-size: 1rem;
-            line-height: 1.2;
-            white-space: nowrap;
-        }
-        .usage-detail-line {
-            margin-top: 0.55rem;
-            overflow: hidden;
-            text-overflow: ellipsis;
-            white-space: nowrap;
-        }
-        .usage-detail-line:empty {
-            display: none;
-        }
-        @media (max-width: 991.98px) {
-            .usage-layout {
-                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
-            }
-            .usage-metrics {
-                gap: 0.55rem;
-                min-width: 0;
-            }
-            .usage-meter {
-                min-width: 0;
-            }
-        }
-        @media (max-width: 575.98px) {
-            .container {
-                max-width: 100%;
-                padding-left: 0.9rem;
-                padding-right: 0.9rem;
-            }
-            .dashboard-header {
-                gap: 0.8rem;
-                align-items: flex-start;
-            }
-            .dashboard-header > .d-flex:last-child {
-                gap: 0.45rem !important;
-                flex: 0 0 auto;
-            }
-            .btn-icon-toggle {
-                width: 36px;
-                height: 36px;
-            }
-            .glass-card.h-100.p-4 {
-                padding: 1rem !important;
-            }
-            .value-text {
-                font-size: 1.55rem;
-            }
-            .icon-box {
-                width: 42px;
-                height: 42px;
-                border-radius: 13px;
-                margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
-            }
-            .usage-card {
-                padding: 1rem;
-            }
-            .usage-head {
-                gap: 0.75rem;
-            }
-            .usage-stat .d-flex {
-                flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
-            }
-            .usage-main {
-                padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
-                overflow-x: visible;
-                overflow-y: visible;
-            }
-            .usage-metrics {
-                display: grid;
-                grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
-                gap: 0.75rem 0.9rem;
-                min-width: 0;
-            }
-            .usage-meter {
-                min-width: 0;
-            }
-            .usage-metric {
-                min-width: 0;
-                text-align: center;
-            }
-            .usage-metric:nth-child(3n + 1) {
-                text-align: left;
-            }
-            .usage-metric:nth-child(3n) {
-                text-align: right;
-            }
-            .usage-metric .label-text { font-size: 0.64rem; }
-            .usage-metric .font-mono { font-size: 0.88rem; }
-            .usage-detail-line {
-                white-space: normal;
-            }
-            .table-scroll {
-                max-height: 52vh;
-            }
-            .table-container {
-                min-width: 660px;
-            }
-            .table-container th {
-                padding-left: 8px;
-                padding-right: 8px;
-            }
-            .table-container td {
-                padding: 9px 8px;
-                font-size: 0.82rem;
-            }
-            .cmd-pill {
-                min-width: 78px;
-                padding-left: 8px;
-                padding-right: 8px;
-            }
-            .detail-text {
-                max-width: 140px;
-            }
-        }
-    </style>
-</head>
-<body>
-<div class="container py-3">
-    <div class="dashboard-header">
-        <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-3">
-            <div class="app-icon-main bg-primary bg-opacity-10 text-primary rounded-circle d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center border border-primary border-opacity-25">
-                <i class="fas fa-car"></i>
-            </div>
-            <div>
-                <a href="https://chaegeon.com/" id="blogBackLink" class="blog-back-link"><span class="backArrow">‹</span> 채건닷컴</a>
-                <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-2">
-                    <div class="app-title" data-i18n="appTitle">Car Monitor</div>
-                    <span id="live-badge" class="badge bg-secondary bg-opacity-10 text-secondary border border-secondary border-opacity-20 rounded-pill" style="font-size:0.6rem; vertical-align: top;">WAIT</span>
-                </div>
-                <div class="text-secondary" style="font-size: 0.8rem;" data-i18n="appSubtitle">Vehicle Status Dashboard</div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-
-        <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-3">
-            <div class="text-end d-none d-sm-block">
-                <div class="label-text mb-0" data-i18n="lastData">LAST DATA</div>
-                <div id="last-updated" class="font-mono fw-bold text-primary">--:--:--</div>
-            </div>
-            <button class="btn-icon-toggle shadow-sm" id="wakelock-btn" onclick="toggleWakeLock()" title="WakeLock">
-                <i class="fas fa-mobile-screen-button"></i>
-            </button>
-            <button class="btn-icon-toggle shadow-sm" id="lang-btn" onclick="toggleLanguage()" title="Language">
-                <i class="fas fa-globe"></i>
-            </button>
-            <button class="btn-icon-toggle shadow-sm" id="theme-btn" onclick="toggleTheme()">
-                <i class="fas fa-moon"></i>
-            </button>
-            <button class="btn-icon-toggle shadow-sm admin-settings-btn d-none" id="settings-btn" type="button" title="설정">
-                <i class="fas fa-gear"></i>
-            </button>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="row g-3 mb-4">
-        <div class="col-6 col-md-3">
-            <div class="glass-card h-100 p-4 position-relative">
-                <div class="icon-box c-blue"><i class="fas fa-car-battery"></i></div>
-                <div class="label-text" data-i18n="battery">Battery</div>
-                <div class="d-flex align-items-baseline">
-                    <span id="val-battery" class="value-text">-</span><span id="val-battery-unit" class="unit-text">V</span>
-                </div>
-                <div id="val-battery-state" class="font-mono small mt-1 text-muted" style="font-size: 0.75rem; opacity: 0.8;">-</div>
-                <div style="height: 60px; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; opacity: 0.5;">
-                    <canvas id="chartBattery"></canvas>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-
-        <div class="col-6 col-md-3">
-            <div class="glass-card h-100 p-4">
-                <div class="icon-box c-yellow"><i class="fas fa-power-off"></i></div>
-                <div class="label-text" data-i18n="engine">Engine</div>
-                <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-2 mb-2">
-                    <span id="val-engine" class="value-text text-secondary">OFF</span>
-                </div>
-                <div id="val-state-timer" class="font-mono text-secondary mb-2 duration-line" style="font-size: 0.85rem;">-</div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-
-        <div class="col-6 col-md-3">
-            <div class="glass-card h-100 p-4">
-                <div class="icon-box c-red"><i class="fas fa-mobile-screen"></i></div>
-                <div class="label-text" data-i18n="remoteStart">Remote Start</div>
-                <div class="mb-1">
-                    <span id="val-remote" class="value-text text-secondary">Standby</span>
-                </div>
-                <div class="d-flex align-items-center text-secondary font-mono small">
-                    <i class="far fa-clock me-1"></i><span id="val-remote-time">--:--</span>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-
-        <div class="col-6 col-md-3">
-            <div class="glass-card h-100 p-4">
-                <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-start">
-                    <div class="icon-box c-green"><i class="fas fa-signal"></i></div>
-                    <div class="text-end">
-                        <div class="label-text mb-0" style="font-size:0.65rem;" data-i18n="age">AGE</div>
-                        <div id="age-seconds" class="font-mono fw-bold text-muted duration-line">-</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-                <div class="label-text mt-1" data-i18n="pollTarget">Poll Target</div>
-                <div>
-                    <span id="val-poll-interval" class="value-text">-</span><span id="val-poll-unit" class="unit-text">s</span>
-                </div>
-                <div id="val-freshness" class="font-mono small mt-1 text-muted" style="font-size: 0.75rem;">-</div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="glass-card usage-card mb-4">
-        <div class="usage-layout">
-            <div class="usage-head">
-                <div class="icon-box c-green usage-icon"><i class="fas fa-database"></i></div>
-                <div class="usage-stat">
-                    <div id="usage-title" class="label-text mb-1">데이터 사용량</div>
-                    <div class="d-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 flex-wrap">
-                        <span id="usage-current" class="value-text">-</span>
-                        <span id="usage-limit" class="unit-text">/ 100MB</span>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-
-            <div class="usage-main">
-                <div class="usage-meter">
-                    <div id="usage-meter-fill" class="usage-meter-fill"></div>
-                </div>
-                <div class="usage-metrics small">
-                    <div class="usage-metric">
-                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="dailyRecommended">하루 권장</div>
-                        <div id="usage-daily-rec" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="usage-metric">
-                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="todayUsage">오늘 사용</div>
-                        <div id="usage-today" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="usage-metric">
-                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="remainingUsage">잔여 사용량</div>
-                        <div id="usage-remaining" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="usage-metric">
-                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="estimatedUsage">예상 사용량</div>
-                        <div id="usage-projected-total" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="usage-metric">
-                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="estimatedOverFee">예상 초과</div>
-                        <div id="usage-projected-over-fee" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="usage-metric">
-                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="estimatedFee">예상 요금</div>
-                        <div id="usage-projected-fee" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-                <div id="usage-detail" class="font-mono small text-muted usage-detail-line"></div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="row g-4">
-        <div class="col-lg-4">
-            <div class="glass-card h-100 d-flex flex-column">
-                <div class="panel-header">
-                    <h6 class="mb-0 fw-bold small text-uppercase text-secondary"><i class="fas fa-car-side me-2"></i><span data-i18n="realtimeVisual">Real-time Visual</span></h6>
-                </div>
-                <div class="flex-grow-1 car-container">
-                    <div id="visual-headlight" class="headlight-beam"></div>
-
-                    <svg width="210" height="340" viewBox="0 0 320 640" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="z-index: 5;">
-                                                <defs>
-                                                        <linearGradient id="bodyGrad" x1="0" x2="0" y1="0" y2="1">
-                                                                <stop offset="0%" stop-color="rgba(255,255,255,0.22)"/>
-                                                                <stop offset="100%" stop-color="rgba(0,0,0,0.05)"/>
-                                                        </linearGradient>
-                                                        <linearGradient id="glassGrad" x1="0" x2="0" y1="0" y2="1">
-                                                                <stop offset="0%" stop-color="rgba(255,255,255,0.18)"/>
-                                                                <stop offset="100%" stop-color="rgba(0,0,0,0.18)"/>
-                                                        </linearGradient>
-                                                        <filter id="softShadow" x="-30%" y="-30%" width="160%" height="160%">
-                                                                <feDropShadow dx="0" dy="10" stdDeviation="10" flood-color="rgba(0,0,0,0.18)"/>
-                                                        </filter>
-                                                </defs>
-
-                                                <!-- outer body : compact SUV / Niro-like top view -->
-                                                <path class="car-body" filter="url(#softShadow)" d="
-                                                        M160,36
-                                                        C205,38 244,54 266,92
-                                                        C278,114 283,144 285,179
-                                                        L287,250
-                                                        L287,408
-                                                        L285,480
-                                                        C283,518 276,548 262,571
-                                                        C239,608 200,622 160,624
-                                                        C120,622 81,608 58,571
-                                                        C44,548 37,518 35,480
-                                                        L33,408
-                                                        L33,250
-                                                        L35,179
-                                                        C37,144 42,114 54,92
-                                                        C76,54 115,38 160,36
-                                                        Z" />
-
-                                                <!-- body highlight -->
-                                                <path fill="url(#bodyGrad)" d="
-                                                        M160,52
-                                                        C199,54 232,68 251,100
-                                                        C262,119 266,147 268,179
-                                                        L270,250
-                                                        L270,404
-                                                        L268,474
-                                                        C266,509 260,534 248,554
-                                                        C228,586 194,600 160,602
-                                                        C126,600 92,586 72,554
-                                                        C60,534 54,509 52,474
-                                                        L50,404
-                                                        L50,250
-                                                        L52,179
-                                                        C54,147 58,119 69,100
-                                                        C88,68 121,54 160,52
-                                                        Z" opacity="0.38"/>
-
-                                                <!-- front windshield -->
-                                                <path class="car-glass" fill="url(#glassGrad)" d="
-                                                        M92,122
-                                                        C106,102 214,102 228,122
-                                                        L238,192
-                                                        C239,203 81,203 82,192
-                                                        Z" />
-
-                                                <!-- roof / cabin -->
-                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.10)" d="
-                                                        M90,205
-                                                        C96,194 224,194 230,205
-                                                        L240,420
-                                                        C242,444 78,444 80,420
-                                                        Z" />
-
-                                                <!-- rear glass -->
-                                                <path class="car-glass" fill="url(#glassGrad)" d="
-                                                        M96,440
-                                                        C110,430 210,430 224,440
-                                                        L216,512
-                                                        C198,524 122,524 104,512
-                                                        Z" />
-
-                                                <!-- bonnet hint -->
-                                                <path fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.10)" d="
-                                                        M110,82
-                                                        C126,74 194,74 210,82
-                                                        C224,89 230,102 232,114
-                                                        C212,108 108,108 88,114
-                                                        C90,102 96,89 110,82
-                                                        Z"/>
-
-                                                <!-- side rails / shoulder -->
-                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.12)" d="M53,190 L64,188 L70,510 L58,505 Z" />
-                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.12)" d="M267,190 L256,188 L250,510 L262,505 Z" />
-
-                                                <!-- mirrors -->
-                                                <path class="car-body" d="M50,205 L30,196 L30,228 L50,236 Z" />
-                                                <path class="car-body" d="M270,205 L290,196 L290,228 L270,236 Z" />
-
-                                                <!-- front lamp housings -->
-                                                <path fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.22)" d="M108,58 C126,50 194,50 212,58 L206,72 C190,66 130,66 114,72 Z"/>
-                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.08)" d="M82,96 L238,96 L242,108 L78,108 Z"/>
-
-                                                <!-- rear bumper / hatch hint -->
-                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.10)" d="
-                                                        M92,548
-                                                        C112,558 208,558 228,548
-                                                        L220,578
-                                                        C200,590 120,590 100,578
-                                                        Z"/>
-
-                                                <!-- door seams center hints -->
-                                                <path stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0.12)" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M102,214 L218,214"/>
-                                                <path stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0.12)" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M98,396 L222,396"/>
-
-                                                <!-- wheel arch hints -->
-                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.08)" d="M72,250 C66,278 66,372 72,400 L86,400 C80,372 80,278 86,250 Z"/>
-                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.08)" d="M248,250 C254,278 254,372 248,400 L234,400 C240,372 240,278 234,250 Z"/>
-                                        </svg>
-
-                    <i id="visual-engine-icon" class="fas fa-fan engine-indicator"></i>
-
-                    <div id="door-fl" class="door-line dp-fl"></div>
-                    <div id="door-fr" class="door-line dp-fr"></div>
-                    <div id="door-rl" class="door-line dp-rl"></div>
-                    <div id="door-rr" class="door-line dp-rr"></div>
-                    <div id="door-trunk" class="door-line dp-tk"></div>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-
-        <div class="col-lg-8">
-            <div class="glass-card h-100 d-flex flex-column">
-                <div class="panel-header">
-                    <h6 class="mb-0 fw-bold small text-uppercase text-secondary"><i class="fas fa-list-ul me-2"></i><span data-i18n="statusLog">Status Log</span></h6>
-                </div>
-                <div class="p-3 flex-grow-1">
-                    <div class="table-responsive table-scroll">
-                        <table class="table-container">
-                            <thead>
-                                <tr>
-                                    <th width="10%" data-i18n="time">TIME</th>
-                                    <th width="9%" data-i18n="cmd">CMD</th>
-                                    <th width="7%" data-i18n="engShort">ENG</th>
-                                    <th width="8%" data-i18n="batShort">BAT</th>
-                                    <th width="11%" data-i18n="door">DOOR</th>
-                                    <th width="9%" data-i18n="remoteShort">REMOTE</th>
-                                    <th width="7%" data-i18n="hazShort">HAZ</th>
-                                    <th width="7%" data-i18n="age">AGE</th>
-                                    <th data-i18n="trim">TRIM</th>
-                                </tr>
-                            </thead>
-                            <tbody id="log-table-body"></tbody>
-                        </table>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-</div>
-
-<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
-<script>
-    const I18N = {
-        ko: {
-            appTitle: '차량 모니터',
-            appSubtitle: '차량 상태 대시보드',
-            lastData: '마지막 데이터',
-            battery: '배터리',
-            engine: '시동',
-            remoteStart: '원격 시동',
-            age: '경과',
-            pollTarget: '조회 주기',
-            realtimeVisual: '실시간 차량',
-            statusLog: '상태 기록',
-            time: '시간',
-            cmd: '명령',
-            engShort: '시동',
-            batShort: '전압',
-            door: '도어',
-            remoteShort: '원격시동',
-            hazShort: '비상등',
-            trim: '요약',
-            dailyRecommended: '권장 사용량',
-            todayUsage: '오늘 사용량',
-            remainingUsage: '잔여 사용량',
-            estimatedUsage: '예상 사용량',
-            estimatedOverFee: '예상 초과',
-            estimatedFee: '예상 요금',
-            rawFullData: '원본 데이터',
-            wait: '대기',
-            online: '정상',
-            stale: '지연',
-            error: '오류',
-            dataDelayed: '데이터 지연',
-            targetInterval: '정상 수신',
-            on: '켜짐',
-            off: '꺼짐',
-            yes: '주행',
-            no: '정차',
-            parked: '주차',
-            driving: '주행',
-            running: '실행 중',
-            preparing: '준비 중',
-            standby: '대기',
-            charging: '충전 중',
-            normal: '정상',
-            watch: '주의',
-            low: '낮음',
-            engineStateOnSentence: '시동이 {duration} 켜져있음',
-            engineStateOffSentence: '시동이 {duration} 꺼져있음',
-            dataUsageTitle: '{month} 데이터 사용량 / {days}일 남음',
-            wakeLockTitle: '화면 켜짐 유지',
-            wakeLockUnsupported: '화면 켜짐 유지 미지원',
-            languageTitle: '언어 변경',
-            rawView: '원본 보기',
-            cmdStatus: '상태',
-            cmdEngOff: '시동 끔',
-            cmdEngOn: '시동 켬',
-            cmdHazOn: '비상등 켬',
-            cmdHazOff: '비상등 끔',
-            cmdLock: '잠금',
-            cmdUnlock: '잠금 해제',
-            cmdTrunk: '트렁크',
-            secShort: '초',
-            dayShort: '일',
-            hourShort: '시간',
-            minShort: '분',
-        },
-        en: {
-            appTitle: 'Car Monitor',
-            appSubtitle: 'Vehicle Status Dashboard',
-            lastData: 'LAST DATA',
-            battery: 'Battery',
-            engine: 'Engine',
-            remoteStart: 'Remote Start',
-            age: 'Age',
-            pollTarget: 'Poll Target',
-            realtimeVisual: 'Real-time Visual',
-            statusLog: 'Status Log',
-            time: 'TIME',
-            cmd: 'CMD',
-            engShort: 'ENG',
-            batShort: 'BAT',
-            door: 'DOOR',
-            remoteShort: 'REMOTE',
-            hazShort: 'HAZ',
-            trim: 'TRIM',
-            dailyRecommended: 'Daily Rec.',
-            todayUsage: 'Today',
-            remainingUsage: 'Remain',
-            estimatedUsage: 'Est. Use',
-            estimatedOverFee: 'Est. Over',
-            estimatedFee: 'Est. Fee',
-            rawFullData: 'RAW FULL DATA',
-            wait: 'WAIT',
-            online: 'ONLINE',
-            stale: 'STALE',
-            error: 'ERROR',
-            dataDelayed: 'Data delayed',
-            targetInterval: 'Target interval',
-            on: 'ON',
-            off: 'OFF',
-            yes: 'YES',
-            no: 'NO',
-            parked: 'Parked',
-            driving: 'Driving',
-            running: 'Running',
-            preparing: 'Preparing',
-            standby: 'Standby',
-            charging: 'Charging',
-            normal: 'Normal',
-            watch: 'Watch',
-            low: 'Low',
-            engineStateOnSentence: 'Engine has been ON for {duration}',
-            engineStateOffSentence: 'Engine has been OFF for {duration}',
-            dataUsageTitle: '{month} Data Usage / {days}d left',
-            wakeLockTitle: 'Keep screen awake',
-            wakeLockUnsupported: 'WakeLock unavailable',
-            languageTitle: 'Change language',
-            rawView: 'View RAW',
-            cmdStatus: 'STATUS',
-            cmdEngOff: 'ENG OFF',
-            cmdEngOn: 'ENG ON',
-            cmdHazOn: 'HAZ ON',
-            cmdHazOff: 'HAZ OFF',
-            cmdLock: 'LOCK',
-            cmdUnlock: 'UNLOCK',
-            cmdTrunk: 'TRUNK',
-            secShort: 's',
-            dayShort: 'd',
-            hourShort: 'h',
-            minShort: 'm',
-        }
-    };
-
-    let currentLang = 'ko';
-    const DEFAULT_USAGE_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SEC = 10;
-    let CAR_MONITOR_SESSION = <?php echo json_encode($carMonitorSession, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES); ?>;
-
-    const CMD_MAP = {
-        se: { label: 'cmdStatus', icon: 'fa-search', bg: 'var(--box-bg-blue)', color: 'var(--accent-blue)' },
-        ef: { label: 'cmdEngOff', icon: 'fa-power-off', bg: 'rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2)', color: 'var(--text-secondary)' },
-        en: { label: 'cmdEngOn', icon: 'fa-bolt', bg: 'var(--box-bg-red)', color: 'var(--accent-red)' },
-        hn: { label: 'cmdHazOn', icon: 'fa-triangle-exclamation', bg: 'var(--box-bg-yellow)', color: 'var(--accent-yellow)' },
-        hf: { label: 'cmdHazOff', icon: 'fa-minus', bg: 'rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2)', color: 'var(--text-secondary)' },
-        dl: { label: 'cmdLock', icon: 'fa-lock', bg: 'rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.2)', color: '#a78bfa' },
-        du: { label: 'cmdUnlock', icon: 'fa-lock-open', bg: 'var(--box-bg-green)', color: 'var(--accent-green)' },
-        tu: { label: 'cmdTrunk', icon: 'fa-box-open', bg: 'var(--box-bg-yellow)', color: 'var(--accent-yellow)' }
-    };
-
-    let batteryChart = null;
-    let refreshTimer = null;
-    let usageTimer = null;
-    let usageRefreshIntervalSec = DEFAULT_USAGE_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SEC;
-    let usageInFlight = false;
-    let wakeLockSentinel = null;
-    let wakeLockWanted = false;
-    let latestDashboardData = null;
-    let latestDashboardMeta = null;
-    let latestUsageData = null;
-    let calibrationModalOpen = false;
-    let calibrationSaveInFlight = false;
-    let calibrationSettingsAuthenticated = false;
-    const FALLBACK_BACK_TARGET = 'https://chaegeon.com/';
-    const BACK_HISTORY_KEY = 'chaegeon.backHistory.v1';
-    const BACK_LINK_PATH_TITLE = {
-        '/': '채건닷컴',
-        '/home': '홈',
-        '/blog': '블로그',
-    };
-
-    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
-        setupBackLink();
-        initLanguage();
-        initTheme();
-        initWakeLock();
-        initCalibrationSettings();
-        initChart();
-        fetchData();
-        refreshTimer = setInterval(fetchData, 1000);
-        fetchUsage();
-        window.addEventListener('resize', debounce(updateResponsiveDurations, 150));
-    });
-
-    document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', () => {
-        if (document.visibilityState === 'visible' && wakeLockWanted) {
-            requestWakeLock();
-        }
-    });
-
-    function initLanguage() {
-        const saved = localStorage.getItem('lang');
-        const browser = (navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage || 'ko').toLowerCase();
-        currentLang = saved || (browser.startsWith('ko') ? 'ko' : 'en');
-        applyLanguage();
-    }
-
-    function toggleLanguage() {
-        currentLang = currentLang === 'ko' ? 'en' : 'ko';
-        localStorage.setItem('lang', currentLang);
-        applyLanguage();
-        fetchData();
-    }
-
-    function t(key) {
-        return I18N[currentLang]?.[key] || I18N.en[key] || key;
-    }
-
-    function cleanPageTitle(title) {
-        return String(title || '')
-            .replace(/^채건닷컴\s*-\s*/i, '')
-            .replace(/\s*-\s*채건닷컴$/i, '')
-            .trim();
-    }
-
-    function sameSiteUrl(url) {
-        try {
-            const parsed = new URL(url, location.href);
-            return parsed.hostname === location.hostname || parsed.hostname.endsWith('.chaegeon.com') || parsed.hostname === 'chaegeon.com'
-                ? parsed
-                : null;
-        } catch (e) {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    function titleFromBackUrl(url) {
-        const parsed = sameSiteUrl(url);
-        if (!parsed) return '';
-        return BACK_LINK_PATH_TITLE[parsed.pathname.replace(/\/$/, '') || '/'] || cleanPageTitle(parsed.pathname.split('/').filter(Boolean).pop() || '');
-    }
-
-    function backPageKey(url) {
-        const parsed = sameSiteUrl(url);
-        if (!parsed) return '';
-        const pathname = parsed.pathname.replace(/\/+$/, '') || '/';
-        return `${parsed.hostname.replace(/^www\./, '')}${pathname}`;
-    }
-
-    function rememberBackHistory() {
-        try {
-            const current = new URL(location.href);
-            const list = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(BACK_HISTORY_KEY) || '[]')
-                .filter(item => item && item.href && item.key);
-            const entry = { href: current.href, key: backPageKey(current.href), time: Date.now() };
-            const last = list[list.length - 1];
-            const next = last && last.href === entry.href ? list : [...list, entry];
-            sessionStorage.setItem(BACK_HISTORY_KEY, JSON.stringify(next.slice(-20)));
-        } catch (e) {}
-    }
-
-    function storedBackTarget(currentKey) {
-        try {
-            const list = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(BACK_HISTORY_KEY) || '[]');
-            for (let i = list.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                const item = list[i];
-                if (item?.href && item.key && item.key !== currentKey && sameSiteUrl(item.href)) {
-                    return item.href;
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (e) {}
-        return '';
-    }
-
-    function updateBackLinkLabel(label) {
-        const link = document.getElementById('blogBackLink');
-        if (!link) return;
-        link.innerHTML = `<span class="backArrow">‹</span> ${label}`;
-    }
-
-    async function resolveBackTarget() {
-        const ref = sameSiteUrl(document.referrer || '');
-        const current = new URL(location.href);
-        const currentKey = backPageKey(current.href);
-        rememberBackHistory();
-        const refIsDifferentPage = ref && backPageKey(ref.href) !== currentKey;
-        const target = refIsDifferentPage ? ref.href : (storedBackTarget(currentKey) || FALLBACK_BACK_TARGET);
-        const knownLabel = titleFromBackUrl(target);
-        let label = knownLabel;
-        const targetUrl = sameSiteUrl(target);
-
-        if (!knownLabel && targetUrl && targetUrl.origin === location.origin) {
-            try {
-                const res = await fetch(targetUrl.href, { credentials: 'same-origin', cache: 'force-cache' });
-                if (res.ok) {
-                    const html = await res.text();
-                    const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(html, 'text/html');
-                    label = cleanPageTitle(doc.querySelector('title')?.textContent) || label;
-                }
-            } catch (e) {}
-        }
-
-        return { href: target, label: label || '블로그' };
-    }
-
-    function setupBackLink() {
-        const link = document.getElementById('blogBackLink');
-        if (!link) return;
-
-        link.href = FALLBACK_BACK_TARGET;
-        updateBackLinkLabel('채건닷컴');
-
-        resolveBackTarget().then(({ href, label }) => {
-            link.href = href;
-            updateBackLinkLabel(label);
-        });
-
-        link.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
-            event.preventDefault();
-            location.href = link.href || FALLBACK_BACK_TARGET;
-        });
-    }
-
-    function applyLanguage() {
-        document.documentElement.setAttribute('lang', currentLang);
-        document.title = t('appTitle');
-        document.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n]').forEach(el => {
-            el.textContent = t(el.dataset.i18n);
-        });
-        const badge = document.getElementById('live-badge');
-        if (badge && ['WAIT', '대기'].includes(badge.textContent.trim())) {
-            badge.textContent = t('wait');
-        }
-        const pollUnit = document.getElementById('val-poll-unit');
-        if (pollUnit) pollUnit.textContent = t('secShort');
-        const langBtn = document.getElementById('lang-btn');
-        if (langBtn) {
-            langBtn.title = t('languageTitle');
-            langBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', t('languageTitle'));
-        }
-        updateWakeLockButton();
-        updateResponsiveDurations();
-    }
-
-    function initTheme() {
-        const savedTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme') || 'light';
-        document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-bs-theme', savedTheme);
-        updateThemeIcon(savedTheme);
-    }
-
-    function toggleTheme() {
-        const html = document.documentElement;
-        const current = html.getAttribute('data-bs-theme');
-        const next = current === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light';
-
-        html.setAttribute('data-bs-theme', next);
-        localStorage.setItem('theme', next);
-        updateThemeIcon(next);
-        updateChartTheme();
-    }
-
-    function updateThemeIcon(theme) {
-        const icon = document.querySelector('#theme-btn i');
-        icon.className = theme === 'dark' ? 'fas fa-sun text-warning' : 'fas fa-moon text-secondary';
-    }
-
-    function initWakeLock() {
-        wakeLockWanted = localStorage.getItem('wakeLock') === 'on';
-        updateWakeLockButton();
-        if (wakeLockWanted) {
-            requestWakeLock();
-        }
-    }
-
-    function wakeLockSupported() {
-        return 'wakeLock' in navigator;
-    }
-
-    async function requestWakeLock() {
-        if (!wakeLockSupported()) {
-            wakeLockWanted = false;
-            localStorage.setItem('wakeLock', 'off');
-            updateWakeLockButton();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            wakeLockSentinel = await navigator.wakeLock.request('screen');
-            wakeLockSentinel.addEventListener('release', () => {
-                wakeLockSentinel = null;
-                updateWakeLockButton();
-            });
-            updateWakeLockButton();
-        } catch (error) {
-            wakeLockSentinel = null;
-            updateWakeLockButton();
-        }
-    }
-
-    async function releaseWakeLock() {
-        if (wakeLockSentinel) {
-            try {
-                await wakeLockSentinel.release();
-            } catch (error) {
-                // Browser may already have released it on visibility or power policy changes.
-            }
-        }
-        wakeLockSentinel = null;
-        updateWakeLockButton();
-    }
-
-    function toggleWakeLock() {
-        wakeLockWanted = !wakeLockWanted;
-        localStorage.setItem('wakeLock', wakeLockWanted ? 'on' : 'off');
-        if (wakeLockWanted) {
-            requestWakeLock();
-        } else {
-            releaseWakeLock();
-        }
-        updateWakeLockButton();
-    }
-
-    function updateWakeLockButton() {
-        const btn = document.getElementById('wakelock-btn');
-        if (!btn) return;
-
-        const supported = wakeLockSupported();
-        const active = Boolean(wakeLockSentinel);
-        btn.classList.toggle('active', active);
-        btn.disabled = !supported;
-        btn.title = supported ? t('wakeLockTitle') : t('wakeLockUnsupported');
-        btn.setAttribute('aria-label', btn.title);
-    }
-
-    function getChartColors() {
-        const style = getComputedStyle(document.body);
-        return {
-            line: style.getPropertyValue('--chart-line').trim(),
-            start: style.getPropertyValue('--chart-grad-start').trim(),
-            end: style.getPropertyValue('--chart-grad-end').trim()
-        };
-    }
-
-    function initChart() {
-        const ctx = document.getElementById('chartBattery').getContext('2d');
-        const colors = getChartColors();
-        const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 60);
-        gradient.addColorStop(0, colors.start);
-        gradient.addColorStop(1, colors.end);
-
-        batteryChart = new Chart(ctx, {
-            type: 'line',
-            data: {
-                labels: [],
-                datasets: [{
-                    data: [],
-                    borderColor: colors.line,
-                    borderWidth: 2,
-                    pointRadius: 0,
-                    tension: 0.3,
-                    fill: true,
-                    backgroundColor: gradient
-                }]
-            },
-            options: {
-                responsive: true,
-                maintainAspectRatio: false,
-                animation: false,
-                plugins: { legend: { display: false }, tooltip: { enabled: false } },
-                scales: { x: { display: false }, y: { display: false, min: 11.5, max: 15.0 } }
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    function updateChartTheme() {
-        if (!batteryChart) return;
-
-        const ctx = document.getElementById('chartBattery').getContext('2d');
-        const colors = getChartColors();
-        const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 60);
-        gradient.addColorStop(0, colors.start);
-        gradient.addColorStop(1, colors.end);
-
-        batteryChart.data.datasets[0].borderColor = colors.line;
-        batteryChart.data.datasets[0].backgroundColor = gradient;
-        batteryChart.update();
-    }
-
-    function fetchData() {
-        fetch('?mode=ajax', { cache: 'no-store' })
-            .then(res => res.json())
-            .then(payload => {
-                if (payload.status !== 'success') return;
-                updateDashboard(payload.data, payload.meta || {});
-                updateLogs(payload.logs || [], payload.meta || {});
-                updateChart(payload.chart || []);
-                usageRefreshIntervalSec = normalizedUsageInterval(payload.meta?.poll_interval);
-            })
-            .catch(() => updateLiveBadge(false));
-    }
-
-    function fetchUsage() {
-        if (usageInFlight) {
-            return;
-        }
-        usageInFlight = true;
-        if (usageTimer) {
-            clearTimeout(usageTimer);
-            usageTimer = null;
-        }
-
-        fetch('?mode=usage', { cache: 'no-store' })
-            .then(res => res.json())
-            .then(payload => {
-                if (payload.status !== 'success') return;
-                updateUsage(payload.usage || null);
-            })
-            .catch(() => {})
-            .finally(() => {
-                usageInFlight = false;
-                scheduleUsageFetch();
-            });
-    }
-
-    function scheduleUsageFetch() {
-        if (usageTimer) {
-            clearTimeout(usageTimer);
-        }
-        usageTimer = setTimeout(fetchUsage, usageRefreshIntervalSec * 1000);
-    }
-
-    function normalizedUsageInterval(value) {
-        const seconds = Number(value);
-        return seconds > 0 ? seconds : DEFAULT_USAGE_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SEC;
-    }
-
-    function updateLiveBadge(ok, stale = false) {
-        const badge = document.getElementById('live-badge');
-        if (!ok) {
-            badge.textContent = t('error');
-            badge.className = 'badge bg-danger bg-opacity-10 text-danger border border-danger border-opacity-20 rounded-pill';
-            return;
-        }
-        if (stale) {
-            badge.textContent = t('stale');
-            badge.className = 'badge bg-warning bg-opacity-10 text-warning border border-warning border-opacity-20 rounded-pill';
-            return;
-        }
-        badge.textContent = t('online');
-        badge.className = 'badge bg-success bg-opacity-10 text-success border border-success border-opacity-20 rounded-pill';
-    }
-
-    function updateDashboard(data, meta) {
-        if (!data) {
-            updateLiveBadge(false);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const age = Number(meta.age_seconds ?? 0);
-        const isStale = Boolean(meta.stale ?? age > 30);
-        const isReceiveBad = age >= 60;
-        latestDashboardData = data;
-        latestDashboardMeta = meta;
-        updateLiveBadge(true, isStale);
-
-        document.getElementById('last-updated').textContent = data.ts ? String(data.ts).substring(11) : '--:--:--';
-        document.getElementById('age-seconds').textContent = formatResponsiveDuration(age, 'age');
-        document.getElementById('val-poll-interval').textContent = meta.poll_interval ?? '-';
-        const freshnessEl = document.getElementById('val-freshness');
-        freshnessEl.textContent = isReceiveBad ? t('dataDelayed') : t('targetInterval');
-        freshnessEl.className = isReceiveBad || isStale ? 'font-mono small mt-1 text-warning' : 'font-mono small mt-1 text-muted';
-
-        const ageEl = document.getElementById('age-seconds');
-        if (age > 60) ageEl.className = 'font-mono fw-bold text-danger duration-line';
-        else if (age > 30) ageEl.className = 'font-mono fw-bold text-warning duration-line';
-        else ageEl.className = 'font-mono fw-bold text-muted duration-line';
-
-        const voltage = parseFloat(data.battery_voltage || 0);
-        const batteryEl = document.getElementById('val-battery');
-        const batteryUnitEl = document.getElementById('val-battery-unit');
-        const batteryStateEl = document.getElementById('val-battery-state');
-        const batteryWarn = voltage > 0 && voltage <= 12.7;
-        batteryEl.textContent = voltage ? voltage.toFixed(1) : '-';
-        batteryEl.className = 'value-text';
-        batteryUnitEl.className = 'unit-text';
-        batteryStateEl.textContent = batteryLabel(voltage, parseInt(data.engine) === 1);
-        batteryStateEl.className = batteryWarn ? 'font-mono small mt-1 text-danger' : 'font-mono small mt-1 text-muted';
-
-        const isEngineOn = parseInt(data.engine) === 1;
-        const engineEl = document.getElementById('val-engine');
-        const visualEngine = document.getElementById('visual-engine-icon');
-        const visualHeadlight = document.getElementById('visual-headlight');
-
-        if (isEngineOn) {
-            engineEl.textContent = t('on');
-            engineEl.className = 'value-text text-warning';
-            visualEngine.classList.add('active');
-            visualHeadlight.classList.add('on');
-        } else {
-            engineEl.textContent = t('off');
-            engineEl.className = 'value-text text-secondary';
-            visualEngine.classList.remove('active');
-            visualHeadlight.classList.remove('on');
-        }
-
-        updateEngineDuration(data, meta);
-
-        updateRemote(data);
-        updateDoors(data);
-    }
-
-    function updateResponsiveDurations() {
-        if (!latestDashboardData || !latestDashboardMeta) return;
-
-        document.getElementById('age-seconds').textContent =
-            formatResponsiveDuration(Number(latestDashboardMeta.age_seconds ?? 0), 'age');
-        updateEngineDuration(latestDashboardData, latestDashboardMeta);
-    }
-
-    function updateEngineDuration(data, meta) {
-        const duration = formatResponsiveDuration(Number(meta.state_duration || 0), 'state');
-        const isEngineOnForLabel = parseInt(data.engine) === 1;
-        const sentenceKey = isEngineOnForLabel ? 'engineStateOnSentence' : 'engineStateOffSentence';
-        const sentence = t(sentenceKey).replace('{duration}', `<span class="fw-bold">${duration}</span>`);
-
-        document.getElementById('val-state-timer').innerHTML = sentence;
-    }
-
-    function updateUsage(usage) {
-        if (!usage) return;
-        latestUsageData = usage;
-
-        const total = Number(usage.total_bytes || 0);
-        const billingTotal = Number(usage.billing_estimated_current_bytes ?? total);
-        const included = Number(usage.included_bytes || 0);
-        const percent = included > 0 ? Math.min((billingTotal / included) * 100, 100) : 0;
-        const fill = document.getElementById('usage-meter-fill');
-        const overBytes = Number(usage.billing_over_bytes ?? usage.over_bytes ?? 0);
-        const projectedOverBytes = Number(usage.billing_projected_over_bytes ?? usage.projected_over_bytes ?? 0);
-        const projectedTotal = Number(usage.billing_projected_total_bytes ?? usage.projected_total_bytes ?? billingTotal);
-        const daysRemaining = Number(usage.days_remaining || 0);
-        const estimatedOverFee = Number(usage.billing_projected_over_fee_krw ?? usage.projected_over_fee_krw ?? 0);
-        const estimatedFee = Number(usage.billing_projected_service_fee_krw ?? usage.projected_service_fee_krw ?? usage.estimated_service_fee_krw ?? 0);
-
-        document.getElementById('usage-title').textContent =
-            t('dataUsageTitle')
-                .replace('{month}', formatUsageMonth(usage.month))
-                .replace('{days}', String(daysRemaining));
-        document.getElementById('usage-current').textContent = formatPreciseMb(billingTotal);
-        document.getElementById('usage-limit').textContent = '/ ' + formatBytes(included);
-        document.getElementById('usage-daily-rec').textContent = formatPreciseMb(Number(usage.daily_recommended_bytes || 0));
-        document.getElementById('usage-today').textContent = formatPreciseMb(Number(usage.estimated_today_bytes || 0));
-        document.getElementById('usage-remaining').textContent = formatPreciseMb(Number(usage.billing_remaining_bytes ?? usage.remaining_bytes ?? 0));
-        document.getElementById('usage-projected-total').textContent = formatPreciseMb(projectedTotal);
-        document.getElementById('usage-projected-over-fee').textContent = formatKrw(estimatedOverFee);
-        document.getElementById('usage-projected-fee').textContent = formatKrw(estimatedFee);
-        document.getElementById('usage-detail').textContent = '';
-
-        fill.style.width = percent.toFixed(2) + '%';
-        fill.classList.toggle('warning', overBytes > 0 || projectedOverBytes > 0 || percent >= 85);
-        if (calibrationModalOpen) {
-            renderCalibrationSummary(usage);
-        }
-    }
-
-    function showCalibrationSettings() {
-        const btn = document.getElementById('settings-btn');
-        if (!btn) return;
-
-        btn.classList.remove('d-none');
-        if (btn.dataset.ready === '1') return;
-        btn.dataset.ready = '1';
-        btn.addEventListener('click', openCalibrationModal);
-
-        document.getElementById('calibration-close-btn')?.addEventListener('click', closeCalibrationModal);
-        document.getElementById('calibration-cancel-btn')?.addEventListener('click', closeCalibrationModal);
-        document.getElementById('calibration-save-btn')?.addEventListener('click', saveCalibration);
-        ['calibration-total-usage', 'calibration-unit'].forEach(id => {
-            document.getElementById(id)?.addEventListener('input', updateCalibrationPreview);
-            document.getElementById(id)?.addEventListener('change', updateCalibrationPreview);
-        });
-    }
-
-    function initCalibrationSettings() {
-        showCalibrationSettings();
-    }
-
-    async function ensureCalibrationSettingsAuth() {
-        if (calibrationSettingsAuthenticated) return true;
-
-        const password = await promptCalibrationSettingsPassword();
-        if (password === null) return false;
-
-        try {
-            const res = await fetch('?mode=settings-auth', {
-                method: 'POST',
-                cache: 'no-store',
-                headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-                body: JSON.stringify({ password }),
-            });
-            const payload = await res.json();
-            if (!res.ok || payload.status !== 'success') {
-                alert(payload.message || '관리자 비밀번호가 올바르지 않습니다.');
-                return false;
-            }
-            calibrationSettingsAuthenticated = true;
-            return true;
-        } catch (_) {
-            alert('관리자 인증에 실패했습니다.');
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    function promptCalibrationSettingsPassword() {
-        return new Promise(resolve => {
-            const overlay = document.createElement('div');
-            overlay.className = 'custom-modal-overlay';
-            overlay.innerHTML = `
-                <div class="custom-modal-panel" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="settings-auth-title">
-                    <div class="custom-modal-header">
-                        <div>
-                            <div id="settings-auth-title" class="fw-bold">관리자 확인</div>
-                            <div class="small text-muted">설정 변경 권한을 확인합니다.</div>
-                        </div>
-                        <button type="button" class="btn-icon-toggle" data-settings-auth-cancel title="닫기">
-                            <i class="fas fa-xmark"></i>
-                        </button>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="custom-modal-body">
-                        <div class="calibration-field">
-                            <label for="settings-auth-password">관리자 비밀번호</label>
-                            <input id="settings-auth-password" type="password" autocomplete="current-password" autofocus>
-                        </div>
-                        <div class="calibration-message text-muted" data-settings-auth-message></div>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="custom-modal-footer">
-                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-light rounded-pill px-4" data-settings-auth-cancel>닫기</button>
-                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary rounded-pill px-4" data-settings-auth-ok>확인</button>
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            `;
-
-            const done = value => {
-                document.body.style.overflow = '';
-                overlay.remove();
-                resolve(value);
-            };
-            const input = overlay.querySelector('#settings-auth-password');
-            overlay.querySelectorAll('[data-settings-auth-cancel]').forEach(btn => {
-                btn.addEventListener('click', () => done(null));
-            });
-            overlay.querySelector('[data-settings-auth-ok]')?.addEventListener('click', () => done(input?.value || ''));
-            input?.addEventListener('keydown', event => {
-                if (event.key === 'Enter') done(input.value || '');
-                if (event.key === 'Escape') done(null);
-            });
-            document.body.appendChild(overlay);
-            document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';
-            setTimeout(() => input?.focus(), 30);
-        });
-    }
-
-    async function openCalibrationModal() {
-        if (!await ensureCalibrationSettingsAuth()) return;
-
-        const overlay = document.getElementById('calibration-overlay');
-        if (!overlay) return;
-
-        calibrationModalOpen = true;
-        overlay.hidden = false;
-        document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';
-        const anchorInput = document.getElementById('calibration-anchor-ts');
-        if (anchorInput && !anchorInput.value) {
-            anchorInput.value = formatDateTimeLocal(new Date());
-        }
-        setCalibrationMessage('T world 사용량을 입력하면 현재 월 기준점으로 저장합니다.', 'muted');
-        renderCalibrationSummary(latestUsageData);
-        fetchCalibrationState();
-        setTimeout(() => document.getElementById('calibration-total-usage')?.focus(), 80);
-    }
-
-    function closeCalibrationModal() {
-        const overlay = document.getElementById('calibration-overlay');
-        if (!overlay) return;
-
-        calibrationModalOpen = false;
-        overlay.hidden = true;
-        document.body.style.overflow = '';
-    }
-
-    function fetchCalibrationState() {
-        fetch('?mode=usage-calibration', { cache: 'no-store' })
-            .then(res => res.json())
-            .then(payload => {
-                if (payload.status !== 'success') {
-                    setCalibrationMessage(payload.message || '기준점 조회 실패', 'danger');
-                    return;
-                }
-                if (payload.usage) {
-                    latestUsageData = payload.usage;
-                    updateUsage(payload.usage);
-                }
-                renderCalibrationHistory(payload.calibrations || []);
-            })
-            .catch(() => setCalibrationMessage('기준점 조회 실패', 'danger'));
-    }
-
-    function saveCalibration() {
-        if (calibrationSaveInFlight) return;
-
-        const totalInput = document.getElementById('calibration-total-usage');
-        const unitInput = document.getElementById('calibration-unit');
-        const anchorInput = document.getElementById('calibration-anchor-ts');
-        const noteInput = document.getElementById('calibration-note');
-        const totalUsage = totalInput?.value?.trim() || '';
-        if (!totalUsage) {
-            setCalibrationMessage('T world 사용량을 입력하세요.', 'danger');
-            totalInput?.focus();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        calibrationSaveInFlight = true;
-        const saveBtn = document.getElementById('calibration-save-btn');
-        if (saveBtn) saveBtn.disabled = true;
-        setCalibrationMessage('저장 중입니다.', 'muted');
-
-        fetch('?mode=usage-calibration', {
-            method: 'POST',
-            cache: 'no-store',
-            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-            body: JSON.stringify({
-                total_usage: totalUsage,
-                unit: unitInput?.value || 'KB',
-                anchor_ts: anchorInput?.value || '',
-                note: noteInput?.value || '',
-            }),
-        })
-            .then(res => res.json())
-            .then(payload => {
-                if (payload.status !== 'success') {
-                    setCalibrationMessage(payload.message || '저장 실패', 'danger');
-                    return;
-                }
-                if (payload.usage) {
-                    latestUsageData = payload.usage;
-                    updateUsage(payload.usage);
-                }
-                renderCalibrationHistory(payload.calibrations || []);
-                const saved = payload.saved || {};
-                setCalibrationMessage(`저장 완료: ${saved.month || '-'} 배율 ${Number(saved.scale || 0).toFixed(6)}`, 'success');
-                fetchUsage();
-            })
-            .catch(() => setCalibrationMessage('저장 실패', 'danger'))
-            .finally(() => {
-                calibrationSaveInFlight = false;
-                if (saveBtn) saveBtn.disabled = false;
-            });
-    }
-
-    function renderCalibrationSummary(usage) {
-        const setText = (id, value) => {
-            const el = document.getElementById(id);
-            if (el) el.textContent = value;
-        };
-        if (!usage) {
-            setText('calibration-month', '-');
-            setText('calibration-meter', '-');
-            setText('calibration-current-scale', '-');
-            setText('calibration-source', '-');
-            updateCalibrationPreview();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        setText('calibration-month', usage.month || '-');
-        setText('calibration-meter', formatPreciseMb(Number(usage.carrier_adjusted_total_bytes || 0)));
-        setText('calibration-current-scale', Number(usage.billing_meter_scale || 1).toFixed(6));
-        const sourceMonth = usage.billing_meter_scale_source_month || '-';
-        const source = usage.billing_meter_scale_source === 'current_month_anchor'
-            ? '현재월'
-            : (usage.billing_meter_scale_source === 'previous_month_anchor' ? '직전월' : '로컬');
-        setText('calibration-source', `${source} ${sourceMonth}`);
-        updateCalibrationPreview();
-    }
-
-    function renderCalibrationHistory(rows) {
-        const box = document.getElementById('calibration-history');
-        if (!box) return;
-        if (!rows.length) {
-            box.innerHTML = '<div class="calibration-history-row text-muted"><span>저장된 기준점 없음</span></div>';
-            return;
-        }
-
-        box.innerHTML = rows.map(row => {
-            const scale = Number(row.scale || 0);
-            return `
-                <div class="calibration-history-row">
-                    <span class="font-mono">${escapeHtml(row.month || '-')}</span>
-                    <span>${escapeHtml(String(row.anchor_ts || '-').replace(' ', ' '))}<br><span class="text-muted">${formatPreciseMb(Number(row.total_bytes || 0))} / ${formatPreciseMb(Number(row.meter_adjusted_bytes || 0))}</span></span>
-                    <span class="font-mono text-end">${scale ? scale.toFixed(6) : '-'}</span>
-                </div>`;
-        }).join('');
-    }
-
-    function updateCalibrationPreview() {
-        const amount = parseFloat(String(document.getElementById('calibration-total-usage')?.value || '').replace(/,/g, ''));
-        const unit = document.getElementById('calibration-unit')?.value || 'KB';
-        const meterBytes = Number(latestUsageData?.carrier_adjusted_total_bytes || 0);
-        let bytes = 0;
-        if (Number.isFinite(amount) && amount >= 0) {
-            if (unit === 'MB') bytes = amount * 1024 * 1024;
-            else if (unit === 'KB') bytes = amount * 1024;
-            else bytes = amount;
-        }
-        const preview = bytes > 0 && meterBytes > 0 ? bytes / meterBytes : 0;
-        const el = document.getElementById('calibration-preview-scale');
-        if (el) el.textContent = preview ? preview.toFixed(6) : '-';
-    }
-
-    function setCalibrationMessage(message, type = 'muted') {
-        const el = document.getElementById('calibration-message');
-        if (!el) return;
-        el.textContent = message;
-        el.className = `calibration-message text-${type}`;
-    }
-
-    function formatDateTimeLocal(date) {
-        const pad = value => String(value).padStart(2, '0');
-        return `${date.getFullYear()}-${pad(date.getMonth() + 1)}-${pad(date.getDate())}T${pad(date.getHours())}:${pad(date.getMinutes())}:${pad(date.getSeconds())}`;
-    }
-
-    function updateRemote(data) {
-        const remoteEl = document.getElementById('val-remote');
-        if (parseInt(data.remote_start_running) === 1) {
-            remoteEl.textContent = t('running');
-            remoteEl.className = 'value-text text-danger status-active-pulse';
-        } else if (parseInt(data.remote_start_preparing) === 1) {
-            remoteEl.textContent = t('preparing');
-            remoteEl.className = 'value-text text-warning';
-        } else {
-            remoteEl.textContent = t('standby');
-            remoteEl.className = 'value-text text-secondary';
-        }
-        document.getElementById('val-remote-time').textContent = data.remote_start_remaining || '--:--';
-    }
-
-    function updateDoors(data) {
-        ['fl', 'fr', 'rl', 'rr', 'trunk'].forEach(pos => {
-            const el = document.getElementById('door-' + pos);
-            if (!el) return;
-            if (parseInt(data['door_' + pos]) === 1) el.classList.add('open');
-            else el.classList.remove('open');
-        });
-    }
-
-    function parseLocalTimestamp(value) {
-        const match = String(value || '').match(/^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})[ T](\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})/);
-        if (!match) return null;
-        return new Date(
-            Number(match[1]),
-            Number(match[2]) - 1,
-            Number(match[3]),
-            Number(match[4]),
-            Number(match[5]),
-            Number(match[6])
-        ).getTime();
-    }
-
-    function updateLogs(logs, meta = {}) {
-        const tbody = document.getElementById('log-table-body');
-        const serverNowMs = Number(meta.server_time || 0) > 0 ? Number(meta.server_time) * 1000 : Date.now();
-        const html = logs.map(log => {
-            const cmdCode = String(log.cmd || '').toLowerCase();
-            const cmd = CMD_MAP[cmdCode] || { label: '', icon: 'fa-terminal', bg: 'rgba(128,128,128,0.1)', color: 'var(--text-secondary)' };
-            const cmdText = cmd.label ? t(cmd.label) : (cmdCode.toUpperCase() || '-');
-            const logMs = parseLocalTimestamp(log.ts);
-            const ageSec = Number.isFinite(Number(log.age_seconds))
-                ? Math.max(0, Number(log.age_seconds))
-                : (logMs === null ? 0 : Math.max(0, Math.floor((serverNowMs - logMs) / 1000)));
-            const doors = doorSummary(log);
-            const remote = remoteSummary(log);
-            const trim = escapeHtml(log.raw_trim || '-');
-            const raw = escapeHtml(log.raw_full || '');
-
-            return `
-                <tr>
-                    <td class="font-mono text-muted">${escapeHtml(String(log.ts || '').substring(11))}</td>
-                    <td><div class="cmd-pill" style="background:${cmd.bg}; color:${cmd.color}"><i class="fas ${cmd.icon}"></i> ${cmdText}</div></td>
-                    <td class="font-mono ${parseInt(log.engine) === 1 ? 'text-warning' : 'text-secondary'}">${parseInt(log.engine) === 1 ? t('on') : t('off')}</td>
-                    <td class="font-mono">${formatVoltage(log.battery_voltage)}</td>
-                    <td class="font-mono text-secondary">${doors}</td>
-                    <td class="font-mono text-secondary">${remote}</td>
-                    <td class="font-mono ${parseInt(log.hazard) === 1 ? 'text-warning' : 'text-muted'}">${parseInt(log.hazard) === 1 ? t('on') : '-'}</td>
-                    <td class="font-mono text-muted">${formatAge(ageSec)}</td>
-                    <td><div class="detail-text trim-link" data-raw="${raw}" title="${t('rawView')}">${trim}</div></td>
-                </tr>`;
-        }).join('');
-
-        if (tbody.innerHTML !== html) tbody.innerHTML = html;
-    }
-
-    function updateChart(data) {
-        if (!batteryChart) return;
-        batteryChart.data.labels = data.map(row => String(row.ts || '').substring(11, 16));
-        batteryChart.data.datasets[0].data = data.map(row => parseFloat(row.battery_voltage || 0));
-        batteryChart.update();
-    }
-
-    function batteryLabel(v, engineOn) {
-        if (!v) return '-';
-        if (engineOn && v >= 13.5) return t('charging');
-        if (v > 12.7) return t('normal');
-        if (v >= 12.0) return t('watch');
-        return t('low');
-    }
-
-    function doorSummary(row) {
-        const open = [];
-        if (parseInt(row.door_fl) === 1) open.push('FL');
-        if (parseInt(row.door_fr) === 1) open.push('FR');
-        if (parseInt(row.door_rl) === 1) open.push('RL');
-        if (parseInt(row.door_rr) === 1) open.push('RR');
-        if (parseInt(row.door_trunk) === 1) open.push('TR');
-        return open.length ? open.join(',') : '-';
-    }
-
-    function remoteSummary(row) {
-        if (parseInt(row.remote_start_running) === 1) return t('running') + ' ' + (row.remote_start_remaining || '');
-        if (parseInt(row.remote_start_preparing) === 1) return t('preparing');
-        return '-';
-    }
-
-    function formatVoltage(v) {
-        const n = parseFloat(v || 0);
-        return n ? n.toFixed(1) + 'V' : '-';
-    }
-
-    function formatBytes(bytes) {
-        const n = Math.max(0, Number(bytes || 0));
-        if (n >= 1024 * 1024) return (n / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2) + 'MB';
-        if (n >= 1024) return (n / 1024).toFixed(1) + 'KB';
-        return Math.round(n) + 'B';
-    }
-
-    function formatPreciseMb(bytes) {
-        const n = Math.max(0, Number(bytes || 0));
-        return (n / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(3) + 'MB';
-    }
-
-    function formatKrw(value) {
-        const n = Math.max(0, Number(value || 0));
-        const billed = Math.floor(n / 10) * 10;
-        if (currentLang === 'ko') return billed.toLocaleString('ko-KR') + '원';
-        return '₩' + billed.toLocaleString('en-US');
-    }
-
-    function formatUsageMonth(value) {
-        const parts = String(value || '').split('-');
-        if (parts.length !== 2) return value || '-';
-        const month = Number(parts[1]);
-        if (!month) return value;
-        return currentLang === 'ko' ? month + '월' : new Date(2000, month - 1, 1).toLocaleString('en-US', { month: 'short' });
-    }
-
-    function formatAge(sec) {
-        if (sec < 60) return '+' + formatSecondsShort(sec);
-        if (sec < 3600) return '+' + Math.floor(sec / 60) + t('minShort');
-        return '+' + Math.floor(sec / 3600) + t('hourShort');
-    }
-
-    function compactDurationMode(context = 'state') {
-        const width = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth || 1024;
-        const target = document.getElementById(context === 'age' ? 'age-seconds' : 'val-state-timer');
-        const card = target ? target.closest('.glass-card') : null;
-        const boxWidth = card
-            ? card.getBoundingClientRect().width
-            : (target ? target.getBoundingClientRect().width : 0);
-        const limitWidth = boxWidth || width;
-
-        if (limitWidth <= 160 || width <= 380) return 'tight';
-        if (limitWidth <= 230 || width <= 575) return 'compact';
-        return 'full';
-    }
-
-    function formatResponsiveDuration(sec, context = 'state') {
-        const mode = compactDurationMode(context);
-        if (mode === 'full') {
-            return context === 'age' ? formatAgeUnits(sec) : formatDuration(sec);
-        }
-
-        sec = Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0));
-        const d = Math.floor(sec / 86400);
-        const h = Math.floor((sec % 86400) / 3600);
-        const m = Math.floor((sec % 3600) / 60);
-        const s = Math.floor(sec % 60);
-
-        if (mode === 'tight') {
-            if (d > 0) return d + t('dayShort');
-            if (h > 0) return h + t('hourShort');
-            if (m > 0) return m + t('minShort');
-            return s + t('secShort');
-        }
-
-        if (d > 0) return d + t('dayShort') + (h > 0 ? ' ' + h + t('hourShort') : '');
-        if (h > 0) return h + t('hourShort');
-        if (m > 0) return m + t('minShort');
-        return s + t('secShort');
-    }
-
-    function formatDuration(sec) {
-        sec = Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0));
-
-        const d = Math.floor(sec / 86400);
-        const h = Math.floor((sec % 86400) / 3600);
-        const m = Math.floor((sec % 3600) / 60);
-        const s = Math.floor(sec % 60);
-
-        if (d > 0) return d + t('dayShort') + ' ' + h + t('hourShort');
-        if (h > 0) return h + t('hourShort') + ' ' + m + t('minShort');
-        if (m > 0) return m + t('minShort') + ' ' + s + t('secShort');
-        return formatSecondsShort(s);
-    }
-
-    function formatAgoDuration(sec) {
-        sec = Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0));
-
-        const d = Math.floor(sec / 86400);
-        const h = Math.floor((sec % 86400) / 3600);
-        const m = Math.floor((sec % 3600) / 60);
-        const s = Math.floor(sec % 60);
-
-        if (d > 0) return d + t('dayShort') + ' ' + h + t('hourShort') + ' ' + m + t('minShort');
-        if (h > 0) return h + t('hourShort') + ' ' + m + t('minShort');
-        if (m > 0) return m + t('minShort');
-        return s + t('secShort');
-    }
-
-    function formatAgeUnits(sec) {
-        sec = Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0));
-
-        const d = Math.floor(sec / 86400);
-        const h = Math.floor((sec % 86400) / 3600);
-        const m = Math.floor((sec % 3600) / 60);
-        const s = Math.floor(sec % 60);
-        const parts = [];
-
-        if (d > 0) parts.push(d + t('dayShort'));
-        if (h > 0 || parts.length > 0) parts.push(h + t('hourShort'));
-        if (m > 0 || parts.length > 0) parts.push(m + t('minShort'));
-        parts.push(s + t('secShort'));
-
-        return parts.join(' ');
-    }
-
-    function formatSecondsShort(sec) {
-        return Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0)) + t('secShort');
-    }
-
-    function debounce(fn, wait) {
-        let timer = null;
-        return function (...args) {
-            clearTimeout(timer);
-            timer = setTimeout(() => fn.apply(this, args), wait);
-        };
-    }
-
-    function escapeHtml(value) {
-        return String(value)
-            .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
-            .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
-            .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
-            .replace(/"/g, '&quot;')
-            .replace(/'/g, '&#039;');
-    }
-
-    document.addEventListener('click', e => {
-        const el = e.target.closest('.trim-link');
-        if (!el) return;
-        document.getElementById('rawModalContent').textContent = el.dataset.raw || '(empty)';
-        new bootstrap.Modal(document.getElementById('rawModal')).show();
-    });
-</script>
-
-<div id="calibration-overlay" class="custom-modal-overlay" hidden>
-  <div class="custom-modal-panel" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="calibration-title">
-    <div class="custom-modal-header">
-      <div>
-        <div id="calibration-title" class="fw-bold">데이터 사용량 기준점</div>
-        <div class="small text-muted">T world 사용량 숫자로 월별 보정 배율을 저장합니다.</div>
-      </div>
-      <button type="button" class="btn-icon-toggle" id="calibration-close-btn" title="닫기">
-        <i class="fas fa-xmark"></i>
-      </button>
-    </div>
-    <div class="custom-modal-body">
-      <div class="calibration-grid">
-        <div class="calibration-field">
-          <label for="calibration-total-usage">T world 사용량</label>
-          <input id="calibration-total-usage" name="calibration_total_usage" type="number" inputmode="decimal" min="0" step="0.001" placeholder="예: 6396 또는 6.25" autocomplete="off">
-        </div>
-        <div class="calibration-field">
-          <label for="calibration-unit">단위</label>
-          <select id="calibration-unit" name="calibration_unit">
-            <option value="KB" selected>KB</option>
-            <option value="MB">MB</option>
-            <option value="B">B</option>
-          </select>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div class="calibration-field">
-        <label for="calibration-anchor-ts">기준 시각</label>
-        <input id="calibration-anchor-ts" name="calibration_anchor_ts" type="datetime-local" step="1" autocomplete="off">
-      </div>
-      <div class="calibration-field">
-        <label for="calibration-note">메모</label>
-        <input id="calibration-note" name="calibration_note" type="text" maxlength="80" placeholder="예: T world 사용량 조회" autocomplete="off">
-      </div>
-      <div class="calibration-summary">
-        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
-          <div class="label-text mb-1">현재 월</div>
-          <div id="calibration-month" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-        </div>
-        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
-          <div class="label-text mb-1">로컬 통신사형 누적</div>
-          <div id="calibration-meter" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-        </div>
-        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
-          <div class="label-text mb-1">현재 배율</div>
-          <div id="calibration-current-scale" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-        </div>
-        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
-          <div class="label-text mb-1">입력 예상 배율</div>
-          <div id="calibration-preview-scale" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-        </div>
-        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
-          <div class="label-text mb-1">기준 출처</div>
-          <div id="calibration-source" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div id="calibration-message" class="calibration-message text-muted"></div>
-      <div id="calibration-history" class="calibration-history"></div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="custom-modal-footer">
-      <button type="button" class="btn btn-light rounded-pill px-4" id="calibration-cancel-btn">닫기</button>
-      <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary rounded-pill px-4" id="calibration-save-btn">저장</button>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="modal fade" id="rawModal" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">
-  <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable">
-    <div class="modal-content glass-card">
-      <div class="modal-header">
-        <h6 class="modal-title fw-bold" data-i18n="rawFullData">RAW FULL DATA</h6>
-        <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal"></button>
-      </div>
-      <div class="modal-body">
-        <pre id="rawModalContent" class="font-mono small mb-0"></pre>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-<script>
-if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
-    window.addEventListener('load', () => {
-        navigator.serviceWorker.getRegistrations()
-            .then(registrations => registrations.forEach(registration => registration.unregister()))
-            .catch(() => {});
-    });
-}
-</script>
-<script src="https://chaegeon.com/log/logger.js"></script>
-</body>
-</html>
+
+    json_response(['result' => 'fail'], 401);
+}
+
+function car_monitor_settings_auth_api(): void
+{
+    car_monitor_require_access(true);
+
+    if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] !== 'POST') {
+        json_response(['error' => 'method_not_allowed'], 405);
+    }
+
+    $data = request_payload();
+    $password = (string)($data['password'] ?? '');
+    if (!hash_equals(CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_PASSWORD, $password)) {
+        json_response([
+            'status' => 'forbidden',
+            'message' => '관리자 비밀번호가 올바르지 않습니다.',
+        ], 403);
+    }
+
+    car_monitor_issue_settings_cookie();
+    json_response([
+        'status' => 'success',
+        'settings_authenticated' => true,
+        'expires_in' => CAR_MONITOR_SETTINGS_TTL,
+    ]);
+}
+
+if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'auth-login') {
+    car_monitor_auth_api();
+}
+
+if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'settings-auth') {
+    car_monitor_settings_auth_api();
+}
+
+car_monitor_issue_pwa_cookie_if_requested();
+
+if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'ajax') {
+    car_monitor_require_access(true);
+
+    try {
+        $pdo = car_db();
+
+        $latest = $pdo->query(""
+            . "SELECT * FROM car_status "
+            . "WHERE id='car' "
+            . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT 1"
+        )->fetch() ?: null;
+
+        $stmtLogs = $pdo->prepare(""
+            . "SELECT ts, cmd, boundary, engine, driving, battery_voltage, "
+            . "door_fl, door_fr, door_rl, door_rr, door_trunk, "
+            . "remote_start_preparing, remote_start_running, remote_start_remaining, "
+            . "hazard, raw_full, raw_trim "
+            . "FROM car_status "
+            . "WHERE id='car' "
+            . "ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT :limit"
+        );
+        $stmtLogs->bindValue(':limit', LOG_LIMIT, PDO::PARAM_INT);
+        $stmtLogs->execute();
+        $logs = $stmtLogs->fetchAll();
+        $serverNow = time();
+        foreach ($logs as &$logRow) {
+            $rowTs = strtotime((string)($logRow['ts'] ?? ''));
+            $logRow['age_seconds'] = $rowTs !== false
+                ? max(0, $serverNow - $rowTs)
+                : 0;
+        }
+        unset($logRow);
+
+        $stmtChart = $pdo->prepare(""
+            . "SELECT ts, battery_voltage FROM ("
+            . "  SELECT ts, battery_voltage "
+            . "  FROM car_status "
+            . "  WHERE id='car' AND battery_voltage > 0 "
+            . "  ORDER BY ts DESC LIMIT :limit"
+            . ") AS recent ORDER BY ts ASC"
+        );
+        $stmtChart->bindValue(':limit', CHART_LIMIT, PDO::PARAM_INT);
+        $stmtChart->execute();
+        $chart = $stmtChart->fetchAll();
+
+        $ageSeconds = seconds_from_ts($latest['ts'] ?? null);
+        $latestTcp = latest_tcp_usage($pdo);
+
+        $isFastPollState = $latest ? (
+            (int)($latest['driving'] ?? 0) === 1 ||
+            (int)($latest['engine'] ?? 0) === 1 ||
+            (int)($latest['remote_start_preparing'] ?? 0) === 1 ||
+            (int)($latest['remote_start_running'] ?? 0) === 1
+        ) : false;
+        $isStale = $ageSeconds !== null && $ageSeconds > 30;
+        $staleReason = null;
+        if ($isStale && $latestTcp && (int)$latestTcp['tcp_ok'] === 0) {
+            $staleReason = (string)($latestTcp['tcp_error'] ?? 'tcp_failed');
+        }
+
+        json_response([
+            'status' => 'success',
+            'data' => $latest,
+            'logs' => $logs,
+            'chart' => $chart,
+            'meta' => [
+                'age_seconds' => $ageSeconds,
+                'stale' => $isStale,
+                'stale_reason' => $staleReason,
+                'latest_tcp' => $latestTcp,
+                'server_time' => $serverNow,
+                'state_duration' => current_engine_state_duration($pdo, $latest),
+                'engine_state_duration' => current_engine_state_duration($pdo, $latest),
+                'poll_interval' => $isFastPollState ? 5 : 10,
+                'log_count' => count($logs),
+                'chart_count' => count($chart),
+            ],
+        ]);
+    } catch (Throwable $e) {
+        json_response([
+            'status' => 'error',
+            'message' => 'DB 조회 실패',
+        ], 500);
+    }
+}
+
+if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'usage') {
+    car_monitor_require_access(true);
+
+    try {
+        json_response([
+            'status' => 'success',
+            'usage' => monthly_data_usage(car_db()),
+        ]);
+    } catch (Throwable $e) {
+        json_response([
+            'status' => 'error',
+            'message' => '데이터 사용량 조회 실패',
+        ], 500);
+    }
+}
+
+if (isset($_GET['mode']) && $_GET['mode'] === 'usage-calibration') {
+    car_monitor_require_access(true);
+    car_monitor_require_settings_access();
+
+    try {
+        $pdo = car_db();
+        if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
+            $saved = save_usage_calibration($pdo, request_payload());
+            json_response([
+                'status' => 'success',
+                'saved' => $saved,
+                'usage' => monthly_data_usage($pdo),
+                'calibrations' => usage_calibration_rows($pdo),
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        json_response([
+            'status' => 'success',
+            'usage' => monthly_data_usage($pdo),
+            'calibrations' => usage_calibration_rows($pdo),
+            'server_time' => time(),
+        ]);
+    } catch (Throwable $e) {
+        json_response([
+            'status' => 'error',
+            'message' => $e->getMessage(),
+        ], 400);
+    }
+}
+
+car_monitor_require_access(false);
+$carMonitorSession = car_monitor_launcher_session();
+?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko" data-bs-theme="light">
+<head>
+<script src="https://chaegeon.com/log/bancheck.min.js?_=<?php echo time(); ?>"></script>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
+    <meta name="theme-color" content="#0f172a">
+    <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
+    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
+    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Car Monitor">
+    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
+    <title>Car Monitor</title>
+
+    <link rel="icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/custom/car/assets/favicon.svg'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>" type="image/svg+xml">
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/custom/car/favicon.ico'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>">
+    <link rel="icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/custom/car/assets/icon-32.png'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>" type="image/png" sizes="32x32">
+    <link rel="icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/custom/car/assets/icon-192.png'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>" type="image/png" sizes="192x192">
+    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/custom/car/assets/apple-touch-icon.png'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>">
+    <link rel="manifest" href="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/custom/car/assets/site.webmanifest'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>">
+    <script src="<?= htmlspecialchars(car_asset_url('/custom/car/assets/asset-reload.js'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?>" data-service="car" defer></script>
+    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
+    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Gowun+Dodum&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.4.0/css/all.min.css">
+    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
+    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chart.js"></script>
+
+    <style>
+        :root {
+            --font-main: 'Gowun Dodum', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
+
+            /* [Light Theme Variables] */
+            --bg-body: #f1f5f9;
+            --bg-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #e2e8f0 100%);
+
+            --card-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
+            --card-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
+            --card-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
+
+            --text-primary: #334155;
+            --text-secondary: #64748b;
+            --text-muted: #94a3b8;
+
+            --table-head-text: #64748b;
+            --table-row-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+            --table-row-hover: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
+
+            --car-fill: #e2e8f0;
+            --car-stroke: #94a3b8;
+            --car-glass: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+
+            --accent-blue: #3b82f6;
+            --accent-green: #10b981;
+            --accent-red: #ef4444;
+            --accent-yellow: #f59e0b;
+
+            --box-bg-blue: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
+            --box-bg-green: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.1);
+            --box-bg-red: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.1);
+            --box-bg-yellow: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.1);
+
+            --chart-line: #3b82f6;
+            --chart-grad-start: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.4);
+            --chart-grad-end: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0);
+
+            /* Badge Colors (Light) */
+            --badge-bg-parked: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.15);
+            --badge-text-parked: #64748b;
+            --badge-border-parked: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.3);
+
+            --badge-bg-driving: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.15);
+            --badge-text-driving: #10b981;
+            --badge-border-driving: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.3);
+        }
+
+        [data-bs-theme="dark"] {
+            /* [Dark Theme Variables] */
+            --bg-body: #0b0e14;
+            --bg-gradient: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0%, #1c2333 0%, #0b0e14 100%);
+
+            --card-bg: rgba(23, 28, 38, 0.6);
+            --card-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
+            --card-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
+
+            --text-primary: #e2e8f0;
+            --text-secondary: #94a3b8;
+            --text-muted: #64748b;
+
+            --table-head-text: #94a3b8;
+            --table-row-bg: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.4);
+            --table-row-hover: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.8);
+
+            --car-fill: #1e293b;
+            --car-stroke: #475569;
+            --car-glass: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
+
+            --box-bg-blue: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
+            --box-bg-green: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.15);
+            --box-bg-red: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.15);
+            --box-bg-yellow: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15);
+
+            --chart-line: #60a5fa;
+            --chart-grad-start: rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.5);
+            --chart-grad-end: rgba(96, 165, 250, 0);
+
+            /* Badge Colors (Dark) */
+            --badge-bg-parked: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
+            --badge-text-parked: #94a3b8;
+            --badge-border-parked: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
+
+            --badge-bg-driving: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2);
+            --badge-text-driving: #34d399;
+            --badge-border-driving: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2);
+        }
+
+        body {
+            font-family: var(--font-main);
+            background: var(--bg-body);
+            background-image: var(--bg-gradient);
+            background-attachment: fixed;
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            min-height: 100vh;
+            transition: background 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
+        }
+
+        /* Glassmorphism Cards */
+        .glass-card {
+            background: var(--card-bg);
+            backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
+            -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
+            border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
+            border-radius: 20px;
+            box-shadow: var(--card-shadow);
+            transition: all 0.3s ease;
+            overflow: hidden; /* Fix for header background corner bleeding */
+        }
+        .glass-card > * {
+            min-width: 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Headers & Typography */
+        .dashboard-header {
+            display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
+            padding: 1.5rem 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+        }
+        .blog-back-link {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            gap: 4px;
+            margin-bottom: 6px;
+            color: var(--accent-blue);
+            font-size: 13px;
+            font-weight: 700;
+            line-height: 1;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            text-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
+            max-width: min(44vw, 260px);
+            overflow: hidden;
+            text-overflow: ellipsis;
+            white-space: nowrap;
+        }
+        .blog-back-link:hover,
+        .blog-back-link:focus {
+            color: var(--accent-blue);
+            text-decoration: none;
+        }
+        .blog-back-link .backArrow {
+            font-size: 22px;
+            line-height: 1;
+            transform: translateY(-1px);
+        }
+        .app-icon-main {
+            width: 75px;
+            height: 75px;
+            font-size: 1.45rem;
+            flex: 0 0 75px;
+        }
+        .app-title {
+            font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.5px; color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+
+        .label-text { font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-secondary); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.8px; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
+        .value-text { font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.1; color: var(--text-primary); }
+        .unit-text { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-left: 2px; }
+        .font-mono { font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Menlo', 'Monaco', monospace; }
+        .panel-header {
+            min-height: 55px;
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            padding: 1rem;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(108, 117, 125, 0.1);
+            background: rgba(108, 117, 125, 0.1);
+        }
+
+        /* Icon Squares */
+        .icon-box {
+            width: 46px; height: 46px; border-radius: 14px;
+            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
+            font-size: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;
+            border: 1px solid transparent; transition: all 0.3s ease;
+        }
+        .c-blue { background: var(--box-bg-blue); color: var(--accent-blue); border-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2); }
+        .c-green { background: var(--box-bg-green); color: var(--accent-green); border-color: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2); }
+        .c-red { background: var(--box-bg-red); color: var(--accent-red); border-color: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.2); }
+        .c-yellow { background: var(--box-bg-yellow); color: var(--accent-yellow); border-color: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2); }
+
+        /* Car Visuals */
+        .car-container {
+                        position: relative;
+                        height: 390px;
+                        display: flex;
+                        justify-content: center;
+                        align-items: center;
+                }
+        .car-body {
+            fill: var(--car-fill); stroke: var(--car-stroke); stroke-width: 2;
+            transition: all 0.5s ease; filter: drop-shadow(0 10px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
+        }
+        .car-glass { fill: var(--car-glass); }
+
+        /* Door Indicators */
+        .door-line {
+            position: absolute; background: var(--accent-red);
+            box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--accent-red);
+            opacity: 0; border-radius: 2px;
+            transform: var(--door-transform, none);
+            transform-origin: center;
+            transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
+        }
+        .door-line.open { opacity: 1; transform: var(--door-transform, none) scale(1.1); }
+
+        /* 더뉴 니로 2020 탑뷰 실루엣 기준 */
+                .dp-fl { top: 132px; left: calc(50% - 86px); width: 4px; height: 72px; }
+                .dp-fr { top: 132px; right: calc(50% - 86px); width: 4px; height: 72px; }
+
+                .dp-rl { top: 225px; left: calc(50% - 86px); width: 4px; height: 78px; }
+                .dp-rr { top: 225px; right: calc(50% - 86px); width: 4px; height: 78px; }
+
+                .dp-tk { --door-transform: translateX(-50%); bottom: 28px; left: 50%; width: 86px; height: 4px; }
+
+        /* Headlights */
+        .headlight-beam {
+            position: absolute; top: -40px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
+            width: 220px; height: 200px;
+            background: radial-gradient(ellipse at bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 60%);
+            mix-blend-mode: screen; opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.5s ease;
+            pointer-events: none; z-index: 0;
+        }
+        [data-bs-theme="light"] .headlight-beam { mix-blend-mode: hard-light; background: radial-gradient(ellipse at bottom, rgba(255, 200, 0, 0.5) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 60%); }
+        .headlight-beam.on { opacity: 0.6; }
+
+        /* Engine Icon */
+        .engine-indicator {
+            position: absolute;
+                        top: 46%;
+                        left: 50%;
+                        transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
+        }
+        .engine-indicator.active {
+            color: var(--accent-yellow);
+            filter: drop-shadow(0 0 15px var(--accent-yellow));
+            animation: spin-slow 4s linear infinite;
+        }
+        @keyframes spin-slow { 100% { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(360deg); } }
+
+        /* Log Table Styling */
+        .table-scroll {
+            max-height: 400px;
+            overflow: auto;
+            -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+            scrollbar-gutter: stable;
+        }
+        .table-container { width: 100%; min-width: 720px; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0 5px; }
+        .table-container th {
+            font-size: 0.7rem; color: var(--table-head-text); font-weight: 700;
+            padding: 0 10px 10px 10px; text-align: center; border: none;
+        }
+        .table-container td {
+            background: var(--table-row-bg);
+            padding: 10px 10px; font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--text-primary);
+            border: none; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;
+            transition: background 0.2s; letter-spacing: -0.2px;
+            word-break: keep-all;
+        }
+        .table-container td:first-child {
+            padding-left: 8px;
+            padding-right: 6px;
+        }
+        .table-container td:last-child {
+            padding-left: 16px;
+            padding-right: 14px;
+        }
+        .table-container td:nth-last-child(2) {
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+        }
+        .table-container th,
+        .table-container td:nth-child(1),
+        .table-container td:nth-child(3),
+        .table-container td:nth-child(7),
+        .table-container td:nth-child(8) {
+            white-space: nowrap;
+        }
+        .table-container tr:hover td { background: var(--table-row-hover); }
+        .table-container tr td:first-child { border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; }
+        .table-container tr td:last-child { border-top-right-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; }
+
+        /* Command Pills */
+        .cmd-pill {
+            display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 6px;
+            padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 6px;
+            font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 600; min-width: 90px;
+        }
+        .duration-line {
+            display: block;
+            max-width: 100%;
+            overflow: hidden;
+            text-overflow: ellipsis;
+            white-space: nowrap;
+        }
+
+        .detail-text {
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            font-family: 'SF Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.75rem;
+            white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; max-width: 180px; margin: 0 auto;
+        }
+        .btn-icon-toggle {
+            width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
+            background: var(--card-bg); color: var(--text-primary);
+            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; cursor: pointer;
+            transition: all 0.2s;
+        }
+        .btn-icon-toggle:hover { background: var(--bg-body); transform: scale(1.05); }
+        .btn-icon-toggle.active {
+            background: var(--box-bg-green);
+            border-color: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.45);
+            color: var(--accent-green);
+        }
+        .admin-settings-btn.d-none {
+            display: none !important;
+        }
+        .custom-modal-overlay {
+            position: fixed;
+            inset: 0;
+            z-index: 1080;
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            justify-content: center;
+            padding: 18px;
+            background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.36);
+            backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
+            -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
+        }
+        .custom-modal-overlay[hidden] {
+            display: none !important;
+        }
+        .custom-modal-panel {
+            width: min(560px, 100%);
+            max-height: min(760px, calc(100vh - 36px));
+            overflow: auto;
+            border-radius: 20px;
+            background: var(--card-bg);
+            border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 80px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.28);
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+        .custom-modal-header,
+        .custom-modal-footer {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            justify-content: space-between;
+            gap: 12px;
+            padding: 18px 20px;
+        }
+        .custom-modal-header {
+            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);
+        }
+        .custom-modal-footer {
+            border-top: 1px solid var(--card-border);
+            justify-content: flex-end;
+        }
+        .custom-modal-body {
+            padding: 18px 20px 20px;
+        }
+        .calibration-grid {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: 1fr 120px;
+            gap: 12px;
+        }
+        .calibration-field {
+            display: flex;
+            flex-direction: column;
+            gap: 6px;
+            margin-bottom: 14px;
+        }
+        .calibration-field label {
+            font-size: 0.78rem;
+            font-weight: 700;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+        }
+        .calibration-field input,
+        .calibration-field select {
+            width: 100%;
+            border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
+            border-radius: 12px;
+            background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
+            color: #0f172a;
+            padding: 10px 12px;
+            font: inherit;
+            outline: none;
+        }
+        [data-bs-theme="dark"] .calibration-field input,
+        [data-bs-theme="dark"] .calibration-field select {
+            background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.86);
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+        .calibration-summary {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
+            gap: 8px;
+            margin: 14px 0;
+        }
+        .calibration-summary-item {
+            border-radius: 12px;
+            background: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.12);
+            padding: 10px 12px;
+        }
+        .calibration-history {
+            margin-top: 14px;
+            border-radius: 12px;
+            overflow: hidden;
+            border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
+        }
+        .calibration-history-row {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: 92px 1fr 78px;
+            gap: 8px;
+            padding: 9px 10px;
+            font-size: 0.78rem;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);
+        }
+        .calibration-history-row:last-child {
+            border-bottom: 0;
+        }
+        .calibration-message {
+            min-height: 22px;
+            font-size: 0.82rem;
+        }
+        @media (max-width: 575px) {
+            .custom-modal-overlay {
+                align-items: stretch;
+                padding: 10px;
+            }
+            .custom-modal-panel {
+                max-height: calc(100vh - 20px);
+            }
+            .calibration-grid,
+            .calibration-summary {
+                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+            }
+            .calibration-history-row {
+                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @keyframes pulse-ring {
+            0% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.7); }
+            70% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(239, 68, 68, 0); }
+            100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(239, 68, 68, 0); }
+        }
+        .status-active-pulse { animation: pulse-ring 2s infinite; }
+
+        /* Status Badge */
+        .status-badge {
+            padding: 0.35em 1em;
+            border-radius: 50rem;
+            font-weight: 500;
+            font-size: 0.85rem;
+            border: 1px solid transparent;
+            transition: all 0.3s ease;
+        }
+
+        .status-badge.parked {
+            background-color: var(--badge-bg-parked);
+            color: var(--badge-text-parked);
+            border-color: var(--badge-border-parked);
+        }
+
+        .status-badge.driving {
+            background-color: var(--badge-bg-driving);
+            color: var(--badge-text-driving);
+            border-color: var(--badge-border-driving);
+        }
+        .trim-link {
+            cursor: pointer;
+        }
+        .trim-link:hover {
+            color: var(--accent-blue);
+        }
+        .usage-card {
+            padding: 1.5rem 1.7rem;
+        }
+        .usage-layout {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 305px) 1fr;
+            gap: 1.3rem;
+            align-items: center;
+        }
+        .usage-head {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            gap: 1rem;
+            min-width: 0;
+        }
+        .usage-icon {
+            flex: 0 0 auto;
+            margin-bottom: 0;
+        }
+        .usage-main {
+            min-width: 0;
+            overflow-x: auto;
+            overflow-y: hidden;
+            -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+            scrollbar-gutter: stable;
+        }
+        .usage-meter {
+            height: 11px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.22);
+            overflow: hidden;
+            margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
+            min-width: 660px;
+        }
+        .usage-meter-fill {
+            height: 100%;
+            width: 0%;
+            border-radius: inherit;
+            background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-green), var(--accent-blue));
+            transition: width 0.25s ease, background 0.25s ease;
+        }
+        .usage-meter-fill.warning {
+            background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-yellow), var(--accent-red));
+        }
+        .usage-stat {
+            min-width: 0;
+        }
+        .usage-stat .font-mono {
+            white-space: nowrap;
+        }
+        .usage-metrics {
+            display: flex;
+            justify-content: space-between;
+            gap: 1rem;
+            min-width: 660px;
+            align-items: flex-start;
+        }
+        .usage-metric {
+            flex: 0 0 auto;
+            text-align: center;
+        }
+        .usage-metric:first-child {
+            text-align: left;
+        }
+        .usage-metric:last-child {
+            text-align: right;
+        }
+        .usage-metric .label-text {
+            font-size: 0.7rem;
+            margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
+            letter-spacing: 0.45px;
+            white-space: nowrap;
+        }
+        .usage-metric .font-mono {
+            font-size: 1rem;
+            line-height: 1.2;
+            white-space: nowrap;
+        }
+        .usage-detail-line {
+            margin-top: 0.55rem;
+            overflow: hidden;
+            text-overflow: ellipsis;
+            white-space: nowrap;
+        }
+        .usage-detail-line:empty {
+            display: none;
+        }
+        @media (max-width: 991.98px) {
+            .usage-layout {
+                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+            }
+            .usage-metrics {
+                gap: 0.55rem;
+                min-width: 0;
+            }
+            .usage-meter {
+                min-width: 0;
+            }
+        }
+        @media (max-width: 575.98px) {
+            .container {
+                max-width: 100%;
+                padding-left: 0.9rem;
+                padding-right: 0.9rem;
+            }
+            .dashboard-header {
+                gap: 0.8rem;
+                align-items: flex-start;
+            }
+            .dashboard-header > .d-flex:last-child {
+                gap: 0.45rem !important;
+                flex: 0 0 auto;
+            }
+            .btn-icon-toggle {
+                width: 36px;
+                height: 36px;
+            }
+            .glass-card.h-100.p-4 {
+                padding: 1rem !important;
+            }
+            .value-text {
+                font-size: 1.55rem;
+            }
+            .icon-box {
+                width: 42px;
+                height: 42px;
+                border-radius: 13px;
+                margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
+            }
+            .usage-card {
+                padding: 1rem;
+            }
+            .usage-head {
+                gap: 0.75rem;
+            }
+            .usage-stat .d-flex {
+                flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
+            }
+            .usage-main {
+                padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
+                overflow-x: visible;
+                overflow-y: visible;
+            }
+            .usage-metrics {
+                display: grid;
+                grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
+                gap: 0.75rem 0.9rem;
+                min-width: 0;
+            }
+            .usage-meter {
+                min-width: 0;
+            }
+            .usage-metric {
+                min-width: 0;
+                text-align: center;
+            }
+            .usage-metric:nth-child(3n + 1) {
+                text-align: left;
+            }
+            .usage-metric:nth-child(3n) {
+                text-align: right;
+            }
+            .usage-metric .label-text { font-size: 0.64rem; }
+            .usage-metric .font-mono { font-size: 0.88rem; }
+            .usage-detail-line {
+                white-space: normal;
+            }
+            .table-scroll {
+                max-height: 52vh;
+            }
+            .table-container {
+                min-width: 660px;
+            }
+            .table-container th {
+                padding-left: 8px;
+                padding-right: 8px;
+            }
+            .table-container td {
+                padding: 9px 8px;
+                font-size: 0.82rem;
+            }
+            .cmd-pill {
+                min-width: 78px;
+                padding-left: 8px;
+                padding-right: 8px;
+            }
+            .detail-text {
+                max-width: 140px;
+            }
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="container py-3">
+    <div class="dashboard-header">
+        <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-3">
+            <div class="app-icon-main bg-primary bg-opacity-10 text-primary rounded-circle d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center border border-primary border-opacity-25">
+                <i class="fas fa-car"></i>
+            </div>
+            <div>
+                <a href="https://chaegeon.com/" id="blogBackLink" class="blog-back-link"><span class="backArrow">‹</span> 채건닷컴</a>
+                <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-2">
+                    <div class="app-title" data-i18n="appTitle">Car Monitor</div>
+                    <span id="live-badge" class="badge bg-secondary bg-opacity-10 text-secondary border border-secondary border-opacity-20 rounded-pill" style="font-size:0.6rem; vertical-align: top;">WAIT</span>
+                </div>
+                <div class="text-secondary" style="font-size: 0.8rem;" data-i18n="appSubtitle">Vehicle Status Dashboard</div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-3">
+            <div class="text-end d-none d-sm-block">
+                <div class="label-text mb-0" data-i18n="lastData">LAST DATA</div>
+                <div id="last-updated" class="font-mono fw-bold text-primary">--:--:--</div>
+            </div>
+            <button class="btn-icon-toggle shadow-sm" id="wakelock-btn" onclick="toggleWakeLock()" title="WakeLock">
+                <i class="fas fa-mobile-screen-button"></i>
+            </button>
+            <button class="btn-icon-toggle shadow-sm" id="lang-btn" onclick="toggleLanguage()" title="Language">
+                <i class="fas fa-globe"></i>
+            </button>
+            <button class="btn-icon-toggle shadow-sm" id="theme-btn" onclick="toggleTheme()">
+                <i class="fas fa-moon"></i>
+            </button>
+            <button class="btn-icon-toggle shadow-sm admin-settings-btn d-none" id="settings-btn" type="button" title="설정">
+                <i class="fas fa-gear"></i>
+            </button>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="row g-3 mb-4">
+        <div class="col-6 col-md-3">
+            <div class="glass-card h-100 p-4 position-relative">
+                <div class="icon-box c-blue"><i class="fas fa-car-battery"></i></div>
+                <div class="label-text" data-i18n="battery">Battery</div>
+                <div class="d-flex align-items-baseline">
+                    <span id="val-battery" class="value-text">-</span><span id="val-battery-unit" class="unit-text">V</span>
+                </div>
+                <div id="val-battery-state" class="font-mono small mt-1 text-muted" style="font-size: 0.75rem; opacity: 0.8;">-</div>
+                <div style="height: 60px; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; opacity: 0.5;">
+                    <canvas id="chartBattery"></canvas>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="col-6 col-md-3">
+            <div class="glass-card h-100 p-4">
+                <div class="icon-box c-yellow"><i class="fas fa-power-off"></i></div>
+                <div class="label-text" data-i18n="engine">Engine</div>
+                <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-2 mb-2">
+                    <span id="val-engine" class="value-text text-secondary">OFF</span>
+                </div>
+                <div id="val-state-timer" class="font-mono text-secondary mb-2 duration-line" style="font-size: 0.85rem;">-</div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="col-6 col-md-3">
+            <div class="glass-card h-100 p-4">
+                <div class="icon-box c-red"><i class="fas fa-mobile-screen"></i></div>
+                <div class="label-text" data-i18n="remoteStart">Remote Start</div>
+                <div class="mb-1">
+                    <span id="val-remote" class="value-text text-secondary">Standby</span>
+                </div>
+                <div class="d-flex align-items-center text-secondary font-mono small">
+                    <i class="far fa-clock me-1"></i><span id="val-remote-time">--:--</span>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="col-6 col-md-3">
+            <div class="glass-card h-100 p-4">
+                <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-start">
+                    <div class="icon-box c-green"><i class="fas fa-signal"></i></div>
+                    <div class="text-end">
+                        <div class="label-text mb-0" style="font-size:0.65rem;" data-i18n="age">AGE</div>
+                        <div id="age-seconds" class="font-mono fw-bold text-muted duration-line">-</div>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="label-text mt-1" data-i18n="pollTarget">Poll Target</div>
+                <div>
+                    <span id="val-poll-interval" class="value-text">-</span><span id="val-poll-unit" class="unit-text">s</span>
+                </div>
+                <div id="val-freshness" class="font-mono small mt-1 text-muted" style="font-size: 0.75rem;">-</div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="glass-card usage-card mb-4">
+        <div class="usage-layout">
+            <div class="usage-head">
+                <div class="icon-box c-green usage-icon"><i class="fas fa-database"></i></div>
+                <div class="usage-stat">
+                    <div id="usage-title" class="label-text mb-1">데이터 사용량</div>
+                    <div class="d-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 flex-wrap">
+                        <span id="usage-current" class="value-text">-</span>
+                        <span id="usage-limit" class="unit-text">/ 100MB</span>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div class="usage-main">
+                <div class="usage-meter">
+                    <div id="usage-meter-fill" class="usage-meter-fill"></div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="usage-metrics small">
+                    <div class="usage-metric">
+                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="dailyRecommended">하루 권장</div>
+                        <div id="usage-daily-rec" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="usage-metric">
+                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="todayUsage">오늘 사용</div>
+                        <div id="usage-today" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="usage-metric">
+                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="remainingUsage">잔여 사용량</div>
+                        <div id="usage-remaining" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="usage-metric">
+                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="estimatedUsage">예상 사용량</div>
+                        <div id="usage-projected-total" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="usage-metric">
+                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="estimatedOverFee">예상 초과</div>
+                        <div id="usage-projected-over-fee" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="usage-metric">
+                        <div class="label-text" data-i18n="estimatedFee">예상 요금</div>
+                        <div id="usage-projected-fee" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div id="usage-detail" class="font-mono small text-muted usage-detail-line"></div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="row g-4">
+        <div class="col-lg-4">
+            <div class="glass-card h-100 d-flex flex-column">
+                <div class="panel-header">
+                    <h6 class="mb-0 fw-bold small text-uppercase text-secondary"><i class="fas fa-car-side me-2"></i><span data-i18n="realtimeVisual">Real-time Visual</span></h6>
+                </div>
+                <div class="flex-grow-1 car-container">
+                    <div id="visual-headlight" class="headlight-beam"></div>
+
+                    <svg width="210" height="340" viewBox="0 0 320 640" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="z-index: 5;">
+                                                <defs>
+                                                        <linearGradient id="bodyGrad" x1="0" x2="0" y1="0" y2="1">
+                                                                <stop offset="0%" stop-color="rgba(255,255,255,0.22)"/>
+                                                                <stop offset="100%" stop-color="rgba(0,0,0,0.05)"/>
+                                                        </linearGradient>
+                                                        <linearGradient id="glassGrad" x1="0" x2="0" y1="0" y2="1">
+                                                                <stop offset="0%" stop-color="rgba(255,255,255,0.18)"/>
+                                                                <stop offset="100%" stop-color="rgba(0,0,0,0.18)"/>
+                                                        </linearGradient>
+                                                        <filter id="softShadow" x="-30%" y="-30%" width="160%" height="160%">
+                                                                <feDropShadow dx="0" dy="10" stdDeviation="10" flood-color="rgba(0,0,0,0.18)"/>
+                                                        </filter>
+                                                </defs>
+
+                                                <!-- outer body : compact SUV / Niro-like top view -->
+                                                <path class="car-body" filter="url(#softShadow)" d="
+                                                        M160,36
+                                                        C205,38 244,54 266,92
+                                                        C278,114 283,144 285,179
+                                                        L287,250
+                                                        L287,408
+                                                        L285,480
+                                                        C283,518 276,548 262,571
+                                                        C239,608 200,622 160,624
+                                                        C120,622 81,608 58,571
+                                                        C44,548 37,518 35,480
+                                                        L33,408
+                                                        L33,250
+                                                        L35,179
+                                                        C37,144 42,114 54,92
+                                                        C76,54 115,38 160,36
+                                                        Z" />
+
+                                                <!-- body highlight -->
+                                                <path fill="url(#bodyGrad)" d="
+                                                        M160,52
+                                                        C199,54 232,68 251,100
+                                                        C262,119 266,147 268,179
+                                                        L270,250
+                                                        L270,404
+                                                        L268,474
+                                                        C266,509 260,534 248,554
+                                                        C228,586 194,600 160,602
+                                                        C126,600 92,586 72,554
+                                                        C60,534 54,509 52,474
+                                                        L50,404
+                                                        L50,250
+                                                        L52,179
+                                                        C54,147 58,119 69,100
+                                                        C88,68 121,54 160,52
+                                                        Z" opacity="0.38"/>
+
+                                                <!-- front windshield -->
+                                                <path class="car-glass" fill="url(#glassGrad)" d="
+                                                        M92,122
+                                                        C106,102 214,102 228,122
+                                                        L238,192
+                                                        C239,203 81,203 82,192
+                                                        Z" />
+
+                                                <!-- roof / cabin -->
+                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.10)" d="
+                                                        M90,205
+                                                        C96,194 224,194 230,205
+                                                        L240,420
+                                                        C242,444 78,444 80,420
+                                                        Z" />
+
+                                                <!-- rear glass -->
+                                                <path class="car-glass" fill="url(#glassGrad)" d="
+                                                        M96,440
+                                                        C110,430 210,430 224,440
+                                                        L216,512
+                                                        C198,524 122,524 104,512
+                                                        Z" />
+
+                                                <!-- bonnet hint -->
+                                                <path fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.10)" d="
+                                                        M110,82
+                                                        C126,74 194,74 210,82
+                                                        C224,89 230,102 232,114
+                                                        C212,108 108,108 88,114
+                                                        C90,102 96,89 110,82
+                                                        Z"/>
+
+                                                <!-- side rails / shoulder -->
+                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.12)" d="M53,190 L64,188 L70,510 L58,505 Z" />
+                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.12)" d="M267,190 L256,188 L250,510 L262,505 Z" />
+
+                                                <!-- mirrors -->
+                                                <path class="car-body" d="M50,205 L30,196 L30,228 L50,236 Z" />
+                                                <path class="car-body" d="M270,205 L290,196 L290,228 L270,236 Z" />
+
+                                                <!-- front lamp housings -->
+                                                <path fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.22)" d="M108,58 C126,50 194,50 212,58 L206,72 C190,66 130,66 114,72 Z"/>
+                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.08)" d="M82,96 L238,96 L242,108 L78,108 Z"/>
+
+                                                <!-- rear bumper / hatch hint -->
+                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.10)" d="
+                                                        M92,548
+                                                        C112,558 208,558 228,548
+                                                        L220,578
+                                                        C200,590 120,590 100,578
+                                                        Z"/>
+
+                                                <!-- door seams center hints -->
+                                                <path stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0.12)" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M102,214 L218,214"/>
+                                                <path stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0.12)" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M98,396 L222,396"/>
+
+                                                <!-- wheel arch hints -->
+                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.08)" d="M72,250 C66,278 66,372 72,400 L86,400 C80,372 80,278 86,250 Z"/>
+                                                <path fill="rgba(0,0,0,0.08)" d="M248,250 C254,278 254,372 248,400 L234,400 C240,372 240,278 234,250 Z"/>
+                                        </svg>
+
+                    <i id="visual-engine-icon" class="fas fa-fan engine-indicator"></i>
+
+                    <div id="door-fl" class="door-line dp-fl"></div>
+                    <div id="door-fr" class="door-line dp-fr"></div>
+                    <div id="door-rl" class="door-line dp-rl"></div>
+                    <div id="door-rr" class="door-line dp-rr"></div>
+                    <div id="door-trunk" class="door-line dp-tk"></div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="col-lg-8">
+            <div class="glass-card h-100 d-flex flex-column">
+                <div class="panel-header">
+                    <h6 class="mb-0 fw-bold small text-uppercase text-secondary"><i class="fas fa-list-ul me-2"></i><span data-i18n="statusLog">Status Log</span></h6>
+                </div>
+                <div class="p-3 flex-grow-1">
+                    <div class="table-responsive table-scroll">
+                        <table class="table-container">
+                            <thead>
+                                <tr>
+                                    <th width="10%" data-i18n="time">TIME</th>
+                                    <th width="9%" data-i18n="cmd">CMD</th>
+                                    <th width="7%" data-i18n="engShort">ENG</th>
+                                    <th width="8%" data-i18n="batShort">BAT</th>
+                                    <th width="11%" data-i18n="door">DOOR</th>
+                                    <th width="9%" data-i18n="remoteShort">REMOTE</th>
+                                    <th width="7%" data-i18n="hazShort">HAZ</th>
+                                    <th width="7%" data-i18n="age">AGE</th>
+                                    <th data-i18n="trim">TRIM</th>
+                                </tr>
+                            </thead>
+                            <tbody id="log-table-body"></tbody>
+                        </table>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
+<script>
+    const I18N = {
+        ko: {
+            appTitle: '차량 모니터',
+            appSubtitle: '차량 상태 대시보드',
+            lastData: '마지막 데이터',
+            battery: '배터리',
+            engine: '시동',
+            remoteStart: '원격 시동',
+            age: '경과',
+            pollTarget: '조회 주기',
+            realtimeVisual: '실시간 차량',
+            statusLog: '상태 기록',
+            time: '시간',
+            cmd: '명령',
+            engShort: '시동',
+            batShort: '전압',
+            door: '도어',
+            remoteShort: '원격시동',
+            hazShort: '비상등',
+            trim: '요약',
+            dailyRecommended: '권장 사용량',
+            todayUsage: '오늘 사용량',
+            remainingUsage: '잔여 사용량',
+            estimatedUsage: '예상 사용량',
+            estimatedOverFee: '예상 초과',
+            estimatedFee: '예상 요금',
+            rawFullData: '원본 데이터',
+            wait: '대기',
+            online: '정상',
+            stale: '지연',
+            error: '오류',
+            dataDelayed: '데이터 지연',
+            targetInterval: '정상 수신',
+            on: '켜짐',
+            off: '꺼짐',
+            yes: '주행',
+            no: '정차',
+            parked: '주차',
+            driving: '주행',
+            running: '실행 중',
+            preparing: '준비 중',
+            standby: '대기',
+            charging: '충전 중',
+            normal: '정상',
+            watch: '주의',
+            low: '낮음',
+            engineStateOnSentence: '시동이 {duration} 켜져있음',
+            engineStateOffSentence: '시동이 {duration} 꺼져있음',
+            dataUsageTitle: '{month} 데이터 사용량 / {days}일 남음',
+            wakeLockTitle: '화면 켜짐 유지',
+            wakeLockUnsupported: '화면 켜짐 유지 미지원',
+            languageTitle: '언어 변경',
+            rawView: '원본 보기',
+            cmdStatus: '상태',
+            cmdEngOff: '시동 끔',
+            cmdEngOn: '시동 켬',
+            cmdHazOn: '비상등 켬',
+            cmdHazOff: '비상등 끔',
+            cmdLock: '잠금',
+            cmdUnlock: '잠금 해제',
+            cmdTrunk: '트렁크',
+            secShort: '초',
+            dayShort: '일',
+            hourShort: '시간',
+            minShort: '분',
+        },
+        en: {
+            appTitle: 'Car Monitor',
+            appSubtitle: 'Vehicle Status Dashboard',
+            lastData: 'LAST DATA',
+            battery: 'Battery',
+            engine: 'Engine',
+            remoteStart: 'Remote Start',
+            age: 'Age',
+            pollTarget: 'Poll Target',
+            realtimeVisual: 'Real-time Visual',
+            statusLog: 'Status Log',
+            time: 'TIME',
+            cmd: 'CMD',
+            engShort: 'ENG',
+            batShort: 'BAT',
+            door: 'DOOR',
+            remoteShort: 'REMOTE',
+            hazShort: 'HAZ',
+            trim: 'TRIM',
+            dailyRecommended: 'Daily Rec.',
+            todayUsage: 'Today',
+            remainingUsage: 'Remain',
+            estimatedUsage: 'Est. Use',
+            estimatedOverFee: 'Est. Over',
+            estimatedFee: 'Est. Fee',
+            rawFullData: 'RAW FULL DATA',
+            wait: 'WAIT',
+            online: 'ONLINE',
+            stale: 'STALE',
+            error: 'ERROR',
+            dataDelayed: 'Data delayed',
+            targetInterval: 'Target interval',
+            on: 'ON',
+            off: 'OFF',
+            yes: 'YES',
+            no: 'NO',
+            parked: 'Parked',
+            driving: 'Driving',
+            running: 'Running',
+            preparing: 'Preparing',
+            standby: 'Standby',
+            charging: 'Charging',
+            normal: 'Normal',
+            watch: 'Watch',
+            low: 'Low',
+            engineStateOnSentence: 'Engine has been ON for {duration}',
+            engineStateOffSentence: 'Engine has been OFF for {duration}',
+            dataUsageTitle: '{month} Data Usage / {days}d left',
+            wakeLockTitle: 'Keep screen awake',
+            wakeLockUnsupported: 'WakeLock unavailable',
+            languageTitle: 'Change language',
+            rawView: 'View RAW',
+            cmdStatus: 'STATUS',
+            cmdEngOff: 'ENG OFF',
+            cmdEngOn: 'ENG ON',
+            cmdHazOn: 'HAZ ON',
+            cmdHazOff: 'HAZ OFF',
+            cmdLock: 'LOCK',
+            cmdUnlock: 'UNLOCK',
+            cmdTrunk: 'TRUNK',
+            secShort: 's',
+            dayShort: 'd',
+            hourShort: 'h',
+            minShort: 'm',
+        }
+    };
+
+    let currentLang = 'ko';
+    const DEFAULT_USAGE_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SEC = 10;
+    let CAR_MONITOR_SESSION = <?php echo json_encode($carMonitorSession, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES); ?>;
+
+    const CMD_MAP = {
+        se: { label: 'cmdStatus', icon: 'fa-search', bg: 'var(--box-bg-blue)', color: 'var(--accent-blue)' },
+        ef: { label: 'cmdEngOff', icon: 'fa-power-off', bg: 'rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2)', color: 'var(--text-secondary)' },
+        en: { label: 'cmdEngOn', icon: 'fa-bolt', bg: 'var(--box-bg-red)', color: 'var(--accent-red)' },
+        hn: { label: 'cmdHazOn', icon: 'fa-triangle-exclamation', bg: 'var(--box-bg-yellow)', color: 'var(--accent-yellow)' },
+        hf: { label: 'cmdHazOff', icon: 'fa-minus', bg: 'rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2)', color: 'var(--text-secondary)' },
+        dl: { label: 'cmdLock', icon: 'fa-lock', bg: 'rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.2)', color: '#a78bfa' },
+        du: { label: 'cmdUnlock', icon: 'fa-lock-open', bg: 'var(--box-bg-green)', color: 'var(--accent-green)' },
+        tu: { label: 'cmdTrunk', icon: 'fa-box-open', bg: 'var(--box-bg-yellow)', color: 'var(--accent-yellow)' }
+    };
+
+    let batteryChart = null;
+    let refreshTimer = null;
+    let usageTimer = null;
+    let usageRefreshIntervalSec = DEFAULT_USAGE_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SEC;
+    let usageInFlight = false;
+    let wakeLockSentinel = null;
+    let wakeLockWanted = false;
+    let latestDashboardData = null;
+    let latestDashboardMeta = null;
+    let latestUsageData = null;
+    let calibrationModalOpen = false;
+    let calibrationSaveInFlight = false;
+    let calibrationSettingsAuthenticated = false;
+    const FALLBACK_BACK_TARGET = 'https://chaegeon.com/';
+    const BACK_HISTORY_KEY = 'chaegeon.backHistory.v1';
+    const BACK_LINK_PATH_TITLE = {
+        '/': '채건닷컴',
+        '/home': '홈',
+        '/blog': '블로그',
+    };
+
+    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
+        setupBackLink();
+        initLanguage();
+        initTheme();
+        initWakeLock();
+        initCalibrationSettings();
+        initChart();
+        fetchData();
+        refreshTimer = setInterval(fetchData, 1000);
+        fetchUsage();
+        window.addEventListener('resize', debounce(updateResponsiveDurations, 150));
+    });
+
+    document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', () => {
+        if (document.visibilityState === 'visible' && wakeLockWanted) {
+            requestWakeLock();
+        }
+    });
+
+    function initLanguage() {
+        const saved = localStorage.getItem('lang');
+        const browser = (navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage || 'ko').toLowerCase();
+        currentLang = saved || (browser.startsWith('ko') ? 'ko' : 'en');
+        applyLanguage();
+    }
+
+    function toggleLanguage() {
+        currentLang = currentLang === 'ko' ? 'en' : 'ko';
+        localStorage.setItem('lang', currentLang);
+        applyLanguage();
+        fetchData();
+    }
+
+    function t(key) {
+        return I18N[currentLang]?.[key] || I18N.en[key] || key;
+    }
+
+    function cleanPageTitle(title) {
+        return String(title || '')
+            .replace(/^채건닷컴\s*-\s*/i, '')
+            .replace(/\s*-\s*채건닷컴$/i, '')
+            .trim();
+    }
+
+    function sameSiteUrl(url) {
+        try {
+            const parsed = new URL(url, location.href);
+            return parsed.hostname === location.hostname || parsed.hostname.endsWith('.chaegeon.com') || parsed.hostname === 'chaegeon.com'
+                ? parsed
+                : null;
+        } catch (e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function titleFromBackUrl(url) {
+        const parsed = sameSiteUrl(url);
+        if (!parsed) return '';
+        return BACK_LINK_PATH_TITLE[parsed.pathname.replace(/\/$/, '') || '/'] || cleanPageTitle(parsed.pathname.split('/').filter(Boolean).pop() || '');
+    }
+
+    function backPageKey(url) {
+        const parsed = sameSiteUrl(url);
+        if (!parsed) return '';
+        const pathname = parsed.pathname.replace(/\/+$/, '') || '/';
+        return `${parsed.hostname.replace(/^www\./, '')}${pathname}`;
+    }
+
+    function rememberBackHistory() {
+        try {
+            const current = new URL(location.href);
+            const list = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(BACK_HISTORY_KEY) || '[]')
+                .filter(item => item && item.href && item.key);
+            const entry = { href: current.href, key: backPageKey(current.href), time: Date.now() };
+            const last = list[list.length - 1];
+            const next = last && last.href === entry.href ? list : [...list, entry];
+            sessionStorage.setItem(BACK_HISTORY_KEY, JSON.stringify(next.slice(-20)));
+        } catch (e) {}
+    }
+
+    function storedBackTarget(currentKey) {
+        try {
+            const list = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(BACK_HISTORY_KEY) || '[]');
+            for (let i = list.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                const item = list[i];
+                if (item?.href && item.key && item.key !== currentKey && sameSiteUrl(item.href)) {
+                    return item.href;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (e) {}
+        return '';
+    }
+
+    function updateBackLinkLabel(label) {
+        const link = document.getElementById('blogBackLink');
+        if (!link) return;
+        link.innerHTML = `<span class="backArrow">‹</span> ${label}`;
+    }
+
+    async function resolveBackTarget() {
+        const ref = sameSiteUrl(document.referrer || '');
+        const current = new URL(location.href);
+        const currentKey = backPageKey(current.href);
+        rememberBackHistory();
+        const refIsDifferentPage = ref && backPageKey(ref.href) !== currentKey;
+        const target = refIsDifferentPage ? ref.href : (storedBackTarget(currentKey) || FALLBACK_BACK_TARGET);
+        const knownLabel = titleFromBackUrl(target);
+        let label = knownLabel;
+        const targetUrl = sameSiteUrl(target);
+
+        if (!knownLabel && targetUrl && targetUrl.origin === location.origin) {
+            try {
+                const res = await fetch(targetUrl.href, { credentials: 'same-origin', cache: 'force-cache' });
+                if (res.ok) {
+                    const html = await res.text();
+                    const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(html, 'text/html');
+                    label = cleanPageTitle(doc.querySelector('title')?.textContent) || label;
+                }
+            } catch (e) {}
+        }
+
+        return { href: target, label: label || '블로그' };
+    }
+
+    function setupBackLink() {
+        const link = document.getElementById('blogBackLink');
+        if (!link) return;
+
+        link.href = FALLBACK_BACK_TARGET;
+        updateBackLinkLabel('채건닷컴');
+
+        resolveBackTarget().then(({ href, label }) => {
+            link.href = href;
+            updateBackLinkLabel(label);
+        });
+
+        link.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
+            event.preventDefault();
+            location.href = link.href || FALLBACK_BACK_TARGET;
+        });
+    }
+
+    function applyLanguage() {
+        document.documentElement.setAttribute('lang', currentLang);
+        document.title = t('appTitle');
+        document.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n]').forEach(el => {
+            el.textContent = t(el.dataset.i18n);
+        });
+        const badge = document.getElementById('live-badge');
+        if (badge && ['WAIT', '대기'].includes(badge.textContent.trim())) {
+            badge.textContent = t('wait');
+        }
+        const pollUnit = document.getElementById('val-poll-unit');
+        if (pollUnit) pollUnit.textContent = t('secShort');
+        const langBtn = document.getElementById('lang-btn');
+        if (langBtn) {
+            langBtn.title = t('languageTitle');
+            langBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', t('languageTitle'));
+        }
+        updateWakeLockButton();
+        updateResponsiveDurations();
+    }
+
+    function initTheme() {
+        const savedTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme') || 'light';
+        document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-bs-theme', savedTheme);
+        updateThemeIcon(savedTheme);
+    }
+
+    function toggleTheme() {
+        const html = document.documentElement;
+        const current = html.getAttribute('data-bs-theme');
+        const next = current === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light';
+
+        html.setAttribute('data-bs-theme', next);
+        localStorage.setItem('theme', next);
+        updateThemeIcon(next);
+        updateChartTheme();
+    }
+
+    function updateThemeIcon(theme) {
+        const icon = document.querySelector('#theme-btn i');
+        icon.className = theme === 'dark' ? 'fas fa-sun text-warning' : 'fas fa-moon text-secondary';
+    }
+
+    function initWakeLock() {
+        wakeLockWanted = localStorage.getItem('wakeLock') === 'on';
+        updateWakeLockButton();
+        if (wakeLockWanted) {
+            requestWakeLock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    function wakeLockSupported() {
+        return 'wakeLock' in navigator;
+    }
+
+    async function requestWakeLock() {
+        if (!wakeLockSupported()) {
+            wakeLockWanted = false;
+            localStorage.setItem('wakeLock', 'off');
+            updateWakeLockButton();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            wakeLockSentinel = await navigator.wakeLock.request('screen');
+            wakeLockSentinel.addEventListener('release', () => {
+                wakeLockSentinel = null;
+                updateWakeLockButton();
+            });
+            updateWakeLockButton();
+        } catch (error) {
+            wakeLockSentinel = null;
+            updateWakeLockButton();
+        }
+    }
+
+    async function releaseWakeLock() {
+        if (wakeLockSentinel) {
+            try {
+                await wakeLockSentinel.release();
+            } catch (error) {
+                // Browser may already have released it on visibility or power policy changes.
+            }
+        }
+        wakeLockSentinel = null;
+        updateWakeLockButton();
+    }
+
+    function toggleWakeLock() {
+        wakeLockWanted = !wakeLockWanted;
+        localStorage.setItem('wakeLock', wakeLockWanted ? 'on' : 'off');
+        if (wakeLockWanted) {
+            requestWakeLock();
+        } else {
+            releaseWakeLock();
+        }
+        updateWakeLockButton();
+    }
+
+    function updateWakeLockButton() {
+        const btn = document.getElementById('wakelock-btn');
+        if (!btn) return;
+
+        const supported = wakeLockSupported();
+        const active = Boolean(wakeLockSentinel);
+        btn.classList.toggle('active', active);
+        btn.disabled = !supported;
+        btn.title = supported ? t('wakeLockTitle') : t('wakeLockUnsupported');
+        btn.setAttribute('aria-label', btn.title);
+    }
+
+    function getChartColors() {
+        const style = getComputedStyle(document.body);
+        return {
+            line: style.getPropertyValue('--chart-line').trim(),
+            start: style.getPropertyValue('--chart-grad-start').trim(),
+            end: style.getPropertyValue('--chart-grad-end').trim()
+        };
+    }
+
+    function initChart() {
+        const ctx = document.getElementById('chartBattery').getContext('2d');
+        const colors = getChartColors();
+        const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 60);
+        gradient.addColorStop(0, colors.start);
+        gradient.addColorStop(1, colors.end);
+
+        batteryChart = new Chart(ctx, {
+            type: 'line',
+            data: {
+                labels: [],
+                datasets: [{
+                    data: [],
+                    borderColor: colors.line,
+                    borderWidth: 2,
+                    pointRadius: 0,
+                    tension: 0.3,
+                    fill: true,
+                    backgroundColor: gradient
+                }]
+            },
+            options: {
+                responsive: true,
+                maintainAspectRatio: false,
+                animation: false,
+                plugins: { legend: { display: false }, tooltip: { enabled: false } },
+                scales: { x: { display: false }, y: { display: false, min: 11.5, max: 15.0 } }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    function updateChartTheme() {
+        if (!batteryChart) return;
+
+        const ctx = document.getElementById('chartBattery').getContext('2d');
+        const colors = getChartColors();
+        const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 60);
+        gradient.addColorStop(0, colors.start);
+        gradient.addColorStop(1, colors.end);
+
+        batteryChart.data.datasets[0].borderColor = colors.line;
+        batteryChart.data.datasets[0].backgroundColor = gradient;
+        batteryChart.update();
+    }
+
+    function fetchData() {
+        fetch('?mode=ajax', { cache: 'no-store' })
+            .then(res => res.json())
+            .then(payload => {
+                if (payload.status !== 'success') return;
+                updateDashboard(payload.data, payload.meta || {});
+                updateLogs(payload.logs || [], payload.meta || {});
+                updateChart(payload.chart || []);
+                usageRefreshIntervalSec = normalizedUsageInterval(payload.meta?.poll_interval);
+            })
+            .catch(() => updateLiveBadge(false));
+    }
+
+    function fetchUsage() {
+        if (usageInFlight) {
+            return;
+        }
+        usageInFlight = true;
+        if (usageTimer) {
+            clearTimeout(usageTimer);
+            usageTimer = null;
+        }
+
+        fetch('?mode=usage', { cache: 'no-store' })
+            .then(res => res.json())
+            .then(payload => {
+                if (payload.status !== 'success') return;
+                updateUsage(payload.usage || null);
+            })
+            .catch(() => {})
+            .finally(() => {
+                usageInFlight = false;
+                scheduleUsageFetch();
+            });
+    }
+
+    function scheduleUsageFetch() {
+        if (usageTimer) {
+            clearTimeout(usageTimer);
+        }
+        usageTimer = setTimeout(fetchUsage, usageRefreshIntervalSec * 1000);
+    }
+
+    function normalizedUsageInterval(value) {
+        const seconds = Number(value);
+        return seconds > 0 ? seconds : DEFAULT_USAGE_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SEC;
+    }
+
+    function updateLiveBadge(ok, stale = false) {
+        const badge = document.getElementById('live-badge');
+        if (!ok) {
+            badge.textContent = t('error');
+            badge.className = 'badge bg-danger bg-opacity-10 text-danger border border-danger border-opacity-20 rounded-pill';
+            return;
+        }
+        if (stale) {
+            badge.textContent = t('stale');
+            badge.className = 'badge bg-warning bg-opacity-10 text-warning border border-warning border-opacity-20 rounded-pill';
+            return;
+        }
+        badge.textContent = t('online');
+        badge.className = 'badge bg-success bg-opacity-10 text-success border border-success border-opacity-20 rounded-pill';
+    }
+
+    function updateDashboard(data, meta) {
+        if (!data) {
+            updateLiveBadge(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const age = Number(meta.age_seconds ?? 0);
+        const isStale = Boolean(meta.stale ?? age > 30);
+        const isReceiveBad = age >= 60;
+        latestDashboardData = data;
+        latestDashboardMeta = meta;
+        updateLiveBadge(true, isStale);
+
+        document.getElementById('last-updated').textContent = data.ts ? String(data.ts).substring(11) : '--:--:--';
+        document.getElementById('age-seconds').textContent = formatResponsiveDuration(age, 'age');
+        document.getElementById('val-poll-interval').textContent = meta.poll_interval ?? '-';
+        const freshnessEl = document.getElementById('val-freshness');
+        freshnessEl.textContent = isReceiveBad ? t('dataDelayed') : t('targetInterval');
+        freshnessEl.className = isReceiveBad || isStale ? 'font-mono small mt-1 text-warning' : 'font-mono small mt-1 text-muted';
+
+        const ageEl = document.getElementById('age-seconds');
+        if (age > 60) ageEl.className = 'font-mono fw-bold text-danger duration-line';
+        else if (age > 30) ageEl.className = 'font-mono fw-bold text-warning duration-line';
+        else ageEl.className = 'font-mono fw-bold text-muted duration-line';
+
+        const voltage = parseFloat(data.battery_voltage || 0);
+        const batteryEl = document.getElementById('val-battery');
+        const batteryUnitEl = document.getElementById('val-battery-unit');
+        const batteryStateEl = document.getElementById('val-battery-state');
+        const batteryWarn = voltage > 0 && voltage <= 12.7;
+        batteryEl.textContent = voltage ? voltage.toFixed(1) : '-';
+        batteryEl.className = 'value-text';
+        batteryUnitEl.className = 'unit-text';
+        batteryStateEl.textContent = batteryLabel(voltage, parseInt(data.engine) === 1);
+        batteryStateEl.className = batteryWarn ? 'font-mono small mt-1 text-danger' : 'font-mono small mt-1 text-muted';
+
+        const isEngineOn = parseInt(data.engine) === 1;
+        const engineEl = document.getElementById('val-engine');
+        const visualEngine = document.getElementById('visual-engine-icon');
+        const visualHeadlight = document.getElementById('visual-headlight');
+
+        if (isEngineOn) {
+            engineEl.textContent = t('on');
+            engineEl.className = 'value-text text-warning';
+            visualEngine.classList.add('active');
+            visualHeadlight.classList.add('on');
+        } else {
+            engineEl.textContent = t('off');
+            engineEl.className = 'value-text text-secondary';
+            visualEngine.classList.remove('active');
+            visualHeadlight.classList.remove('on');
+        }
+
+        updateEngineDuration(data, meta);
+
+        updateRemote(data);
+        updateDoors(data);
+    }
+
+    function updateResponsiveDurations() {
+        if (!latestDashboardData || !latestDashboardMeta) return;
+
+        document.getElementById('age-seconds').textContent =
+            formatResponsiveDuration(Number(latestDashboardMeta.age_seconds ?? 0), 'age');
+        updateEngineDuration(latestDashboardData, latestDashboardMeta);
+    }
+
+    function updateEngineDuration(data, meta) {
+        const duration = formatResponsiveDuration(Number(meta.state_duration || 0), 'state');
+        const isEngineOnForLabel = parseInt(data.engine) === 1;
+        const sentenceKey = isEngineOnForLabel ? 'engineStateOnSentence' : 'engineStateOffSentence';
+        const sentence = t(sentenceKey).replace('{duration}', `<span class="fw-bold">${duration}</span>`);
+
+        document.getElementById('val-state-timer').innerHTML = sentence;
+    }
+
+    function updateUsage(usage) {
+        if (!usage) return;
+        latestUsageData = usage;
+
+        const total = Number(usage.total_bytes || 0);
+        const billingTotal = Number(usage.billing_estimated_current_bytes ?? total);
+        const included = Number(usage.included_bytes || 0);
+        const percent = included > 0 ? Math.min((billingTotal / included) * 100, 100) : 0;
+        const fill = document.getElementById('usage-meter-fill');
+        const overBytes = Number(usage.billing_over_bytes ?? usage.over_bytes ?? 0);
+        const projectedOverBytes = Number(usage.billing_projected_over_bytes ?? usage.projected_over_bytes ?? 0);
+        const projectedTotal = Number(usage.billing_projected_total_bytes ?? usage.projected_total_bytes ?? billingTotal);
+        const daysRemaining = Number(usage.days_remaining || 0);
+        const estimatedOverFee = Number(usage.billing_projected_over_fee_krw ?? usage.projected_over_fee_krw ?? 0);
+        const estimatedFee = Number(usage.billing_projected_service_fee_krw ?? usage.projected_service_fee_krw ?? usage.estimated_service_fee_krw ?? 0);
+
+        document.getElementById('usage-title').textContent =
+            t('dataUsageTitle')
+                .replace('{month}', formatUsageMonth(usage.month))
+                .replace('{days}', String(daysRemaining));
+        document.getElementById('usage-current').textContent = formatPreciseMb(billingTotal);
+        document.getElementById('usage-limit').textContent = '/ ' + formatBytes(included);
+        document.getElementById('usage-daily-rec').textContent = formatPreciseMb(Number(usage.daily_recommended_bytes || 0));
+        document.getElementById('usage-today').textContent = formatPreciseMb(Number(usage.estimated_today_bytes || 0));
+        document.getElementById('usage-remaining').textContent = formatPreciseMb(Number(usage.billing_remaining_bytes ?? usage.remaining_bytes ?? 0));
+        document.getElementById('usage-projected-total').textContent = formatPreciseMb(projectedTotal);
+        document.getElementById('usage-projected-over-fee').textContent = formatKrw(estimatedOverFee);
+        document.getElementById('usage-projected-fee').textContent = formatKrw(estimatedFee);
+        document.getElementById('usage-detail').textContent = '';
+
+        fill.style.width = percent.toFixed(2) + '%';
+        fill.classList.toggle('warning', overBytes > 0 || projectedOverBytes > 0 || percent >= 85);
+        if (calibrationModalOpen) {
+            renderCalibrationSummary(usage);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function showCalibrationSettings() {
+        const btn = document.getElementById('settings-btn');
+        if (!btn) return;
+
+        btn.classList.remove('d-none');
+        if (btn.dataset.ready === '1') return;
+        btn.dataset.ready = '1';
+        btn.addEventListener('click', openCalibrationModal);
+
+        document.getElementById('calibration-close-btn')?.addEventListener('click', closeCalibrationModal);
+        document.getElementById('calibration-cancel-btn')?.addEventListener('click', closeCalibrationModal);
+        document.getElementById('calibration-save-btn')?.addEventListener('click', saveCalibration);
+        ['calibration-total-usage', 'calibration-unit'].forEach(id => {
+            document.getElementById(id)?.addEventListener('input', updateCalibrationPreview);
+            document.getElementById(id)?.addEventListener('change', updateCalibrationPreview);
+        });
+    }
+
+    function initCalibrationSettings() {
+        showCalibrationSettings();
+    }
+
+    async function ensureCalibrationSettingsAuth() {
+        if (calibrationSettingsAuthenticated) return true;
+
+        const password = await promptCalibrationSettingsPassword();
+        if (password === null) return false;
+
+        try {
+            const res = await fetch('?mode=settings-auth', {
+                method: 'POST',
+                cache: 'no-store',
+                headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+                body: JSON.stringify({ password }),
+            });
+            const payload = await res.json();
+            if (!res.ok || payload.status !== 'success') {
+                alert(payload.message || '관리자 비밀번호가 올바르지 않습니다.');
+                return false;
+            }
+            calibrationSettingsAuthenticated = true;
+            return true;
+        } catch (_) {
+            alert('관리자 인증에 실패했습니다.');
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function promptCalibrationSettingsPassword() {
+        return new Promise(resolve => {
+            const overlay = document.createElement('div');
+            overlay.className = 'custom-modal-overlay';
+            overlay.innerHTML = `
+                <div class="custom-modal-panel" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="settings-auth-title">
+                    <div class="custom-modal-header">
+                        <div>
+                            <div id="settings-auth-title" class="fw-bold">관리자 확인</div>
+                            <div class="small text-muted">설정 변경 권한을 확인합니다.</div>
+                        </div>
+                        <button type="button" class="btn-icon-toggle" data-settings-auth-cancel title="닫기">
+                            <i class="fas fa-xmark"></i>
+                        </button>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="custom-modal-body">
+                        <div class="calibration-field">
+                            <label for="settings-auth-password">관리자 비밀번호</label>
+                            <input id="settings-auth-password" type="password" autocomplete="current-password" autofocus>
+                        </div>
+                        <div class="calibration-message text-muted" data-settings-auth-message></div>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="custom-modal-footer">
+                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-light rounded-pill px-4" data-settings-auth-cancel>닫기</button>
+                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary rounded-pill px-4" data-settings-auth-ok>확인</button>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            `;
+
+            const done = value => {
+                document.body.style.overflow = '';
+                overlay.remove();
+                resolve(value);
+            };
+            const input = overlay.querySelector('#settings-auth-password');
+            overlay.querySelectorAll('[data-settings-auth-cancel]').forEach(btn => {
+                btn.addEventListener('click', () => done(null));
+            });
+            overlay.querySelector('[data-settings-auth-ok]')?.addEventListener('click', () => done(input?.value || ''));
+            input?.addEventListener('keydown', event => {
+                if (event.key === 'Enter') done(input.value || '');
+                if (event.key === 'Escape') done(null);
+            });
+            document.body.appendChild(overlay);
+            document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';
+            setTimeout(() => input?.focus(), 30);
+        });
+    }
+
+    async function openCalibrationModal() {
+        if (!await ensureCalibrationSettingsAuth()) return;
+
+        const overlay = document.getElementById('calibration-overlay');
+        if (!overlay) return;
+
+        calibrationModalOpen = true;
+        overlay.hidden = false;
+        document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';
+        const anchorInput = document.getElementById('calibration-anchor-ts');
+        if (anchorInput && !anchorInput.value) {
+            anchorInput.value = formatDateTimeLocal(new Date());
+        }
+        setCalibrationMessage('T world 사용량을 입력하면 현재 월 기준점으로 저장합니다.', 'muted');
+        renderCalibrationSummary(latestUsageData);
+        fetchCalibrationState();
+        setTimeout(() => document.getElementById('calibration-total-usage')?.focus(), 80);
+    }
+
+    function closeCalibrationModal() {
+        const overlay = document.getElementById('calibration-overlay');
+        if (!overlay) return;
+
+        calibrationModalOpen = false;
+        overlay.hidden = true;
+        document.body.style.overflow = '';
+    }
+
+    function fetchCalibrationState() {
+        fetch('?mode=usage-calibration', { cache: 'no-store' })
+            .then(res => res.json())
+            .then(payload => {
+                if (payload.status !== 'success') {
+                    setCalibrationMessage(payload.message || '기준점 조회 실패', 'danger');
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (payload.usage) {
+                    latestUsageData = payload.usage;
+                    updateUsage(payload.usage);
+                }
+                renderCalibrationHistory(payload.calibrations || []);
+            })
+            .catch(() => setCalibrationMessage('기준점 조회 실패', 'danger'));
+    }
+
+    function saveCalibration() {
+        if (calibrationSaveInFlight) return;
+
+        const totalInput = document.getElementById('calibration-total-usage');
+        const unitInput = document.getElementById('calibration-unit');
+        const anchorInput = document.getElementById('calibration-anchor-ts');
+        const noteInput = document.getElementById('calibration-note');
+        const totalUsage = totalInput?.value?.trim() || '';
+        if (!totalUsage) {
+            setCalibrationMessage('T world 사용량을 입력하세요.', 'danger');
+            totalInput?.focus();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        calibrationSaveInFlight = true;
+        const saveBtn = document.getElementById('calibration-save-btn');
+        if (saveBtn) saveBtn.disabled = true;
+        setCalibrationMessage('저장 중입니다.', 'muted');
+
+        fetch('?mode=usage-calibration', {
+            method: 'POST',
+            cache: 'no-store',
+            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+            body: JSON.stringify({
+                total_usage: totalUsage,
+                unit: unitInput?.value || 'KB',
+                anchor_ts: anchorInput?.value || '',
+                note: noteInput?.value || '',
+            }),
+        })
+            .then(res => res.json())
+            .then(payload => {
+                if (payload.status !== 'success') {
+                    setCalibrationMessage(payload.message || '저장 실패', 'danger');
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (payload.usage) {
+                    latestUsageData = payload.usage;
+                    updateUsage(payload.usage);
+                }
+                renderCalibrationHistory(payload.calibrations || []);
+                const saved = payload.saved || {};
+                setCalibrationMessage(`저장 완료: ${saved.month || '-'} 배율 ${Number(saved.scale || 0).toFixed(6)}`, 'success');
+                fetchUsage();
+            })
+            .catch(() => setCalibrationMessage('저장 실패', 'danger'))
+            .finally(() => {
+                calibrationSaveInFlight = false;
+                if (saveBtn) saveBtn.disabled = false;
+            });
+    }
+
+    function renderCalibrationSummary(usage) {
+        const setText = (id, value) => {
+            const el = document.getElementById(id);
+            if (el) el.textContent = value;
+        };
+        if (!usage) {
+            setText('calibration-month', '-');
+            setText('calibration-meter', '-');
+            setText('calibration-current-scale', '-');
+            setText('calibration-source', '-');
+            updateCalibrationPreview();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        setText('calibration-month', usage.month || '-');
+        setText('calibration-meter', formatPreciseMb(Number(usage.carrier_adjusted_total_bytes || 0)));
+        setText('calibration-current-scale', Number(usage.billing_meter_scale || 1).toFixed(6));
+        const sourceMonth = usage.billing_meter_scale_source_month || '-';
+        const source = usage.billing_meter_scale_source === 'current_month_anchor'
+            ? '현재월'
+            : (usage.billing_meter_scale_source === 'previous_month_anchor' ? '직전월' : '로컬');
+        setText('calibration-source', `${source} ${sourceMonth}`);
+        updateCalibrationPreview();
+    }
+
+    function renderCalibrationHistory(rows) {
+        const box = document.getElementById('calibration-history');
+        if (!box) return;
+        if (!rows.length) {
+            box.innerHTML = '<div class="calibration-history-row text-muted"><span>저장된 기준점 없음</span></div>';
+            return;
+        }
+
+        box.innerHTML = rows.map(row => {
+            const scale = Number(row.scale || 0);
+            return `
+                <div class="calibration-history-row">
+                    <span class="font-mono">${escapeHtml(row.month || '-')}</span>
+                    <span>${escapeHtml(String(row.anchor_ts || '-').replace(' ', ' '))}<br><span class="text-muted">${formatPreciseMb(Number(row.total_bytes || 0))} / ${formatPreciseMb(Number(row.meter_adjusted_bytes || 0))}</span></span>
+                    <span class="font-mono text-end">${scale ? scale.toFixed(6) : '-'}</span>
+                </div>`;
+        }).join('');
+    }
+
+    function updateCalibrationPreview() {
+        const amount = parseFloat(String(document.getElementById('calibration-total-usage')?.value || '').replace(/,/g, ''));
+        const unit = document.getElementById('calibration-unit')?.value || 'KB';
+        const meterBytes = Number(latestUsageData?.carrier_adjusted_total_bytes || 0);
+        let bytes = 0;
+        if (Number.isFinite(amount) && amount >= 0) {
+            if (unit === 'MB') bytes = amount * 1024 * 1024;
+            else if (unit === 'KB') bytes = amount * 1024;
+            else bytes = amount;
+        }
+        const preview = bytes > 0 && meterBytes > 0 ? bytes / meterBytes : 0;
+        const el = document.getElementById('calibration-preview-scale');
+        if (el) el.textContent = preview ? preview.toFixed(6) : '-';
+    }
+
+    function setCalibrationMessage(message, type = 'muted') {
+        const el = document.getElementById('calibration-message');
+        if (!el) return;
+        el.textContent = message;
+        el.className = `calibration-message text-${type}`;
+    }
+
+    function formatDateTimeLocal(date) {
+        const pad = value => String(value).padStart(2, '0');
+        return `${date.getFullYear()}-${pad(date.getMonth() + 1)}-${pad(date.getDate())}T${pad(date.getHours())}:${pad(date.getMinutes())}:${pad(date.getSeconds())}`;
+    }
+
+    function updateRemote(data) {
+        const remoteEl = document.getElementById('val-remote');
+        if (parseInt(data.remote_start_running) === 1) {
+            remoteEl.textContent = t('running');
+            remoteEl.className = 'value-text text-danger status-active-pulse';
+        } else if (parseInt(data.remote_start_preparing) === 1) {
+            remoteEl.textContent = t('preparing');
+            remoteEl.className = 'value-text text-warning';
+        } else {
+            remoteEl.textContent = t('standby');
+            remoteEl.className = 'value-text text-secondary';
+        }
+        document.getElementById('val-remote-time').textContent = data.remote_start_remaining || '--:--';
+    }
+
+    function updateDoors(data) {
+        ['fl', 'fr', 'rl', 'rr', 'trunk'].forEach(pos => {
+            const el = document.getElementById('door-' + pos);
+            if (!el) return;
+            if (parseInt(data['door_' + pos]) === 1) el.classList.add('open');
+            else el.classList.remove('open');
+        });
+    }
+
+    function parseLocalTimestamp(value) {
+        const match = String(value || '').match(/^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})[ T](\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})/);
+        if (!match) return null;
+        return new Date(
+            Number(match[1]),
+            Number(match[2]) - 1,
+            Number(match[3]),
+            Number(match[4]),
+            Number(match[5]),
+            Number(match[6])
+        ).getTime();
+    }
+
+    function updateLogs(logs, meta = {}) {
+        const tbody = document.getElementById('log-table-body');
+        const serverNowMs = Number(meta.server_time || 0) > 0 ? Number(meta.server_time) * 1000 : Date.now();
+        const html = logs.map(log => {
+            const cmdCode = String(log.cmd || '').toLowerCase();
+            const cmd = CMD_MAP[cmdCode] || { label: '', icon: 'fa-terminal', bg: 'rgba(128,128,128,0.1)', color: 'var(--text-secondary)' };
+            const cmdText = cmd.label ? t(cmd.label) : (cmdCode.toUpperCase() || '-');
+            const logMs = parseLocalTimestamp(log.ts);
+            const ageSec = Number.isFinite(Number(log.age_seconds))
+                ? Math.max(0, Number(log.age_seconds))
+                : (logMs === null ? 0 : Math.max(0, Math.floor((serverNowMs - logMs) / 1000)));
+            const doors = doorSummary(log);
+            const remote = remoteSummary(log);
+            const trim = escapeHtml(log.raw_trim || '-');
+            const raw = escapeHtml(log.raw_full || '');
+
+            return `
+                <tr>
+                    <td class="font-mono text-muted">${escapeHtml(String(log.ts || '').substring(11))}</td>
+                    <td><div class="cmd-pill" style="background:${cmd.bg}; color:${cmd.color}"><i class="fas ${cmd.icon}"></i> ${cmdText}</div></td>
+                    <td class="font-mono ${parseInt(log.engine) === 1 ? 'text-warning' : 'text-secondary'}">${parseInt(log.engine) === 1 ? t('on') : t('off')}</td>
+                    <td class="font-mono">${formatVoltage(log.battery_voltage)}</td>
+                    <td class="font-mono text-secondary">${doors}</td>
+                    <td class="font-mono text-secondary">${remote}</td>
+                    <td class="font-mono ${parseInt(log.hazard) === 1 ? 'text-warning' : 'text-muted'}">${parseInt(log.hazard) === 1 ? t('on') : '-'}</td>
+                    <td class="font-mono text-muted">${formatAge(ageSec)}</td>
+                    <td><div class="detail-text trim-link" data-raw="${raw}" title="${t('rawView')}">${trim}</div></td>
+                </tr>`;
+        }).join('');
+
+        if (tbody.innerHTML !== html) tbody.innerHTML = html;
+    }
+
+    function updateChart(data) {
+        if (!batteryChart) return;
+        batteryChart.data.labels = data.map(row => String(row.ts || '').substring(11, 16));
+        batteryChart.data.datasets[0].data = data.map(row => parseFloat(row.battery_voltage || 0));
+        batteryChart.update();
+    }
+
+    function batteryLabel(v, engineOn) {
+        if (!v) return '-';
+        if (engineOn && v >= 13.5) return t('charging');
+        if (v > 12.7) return t('normal');
+        if (v >= 12.0) return t('watch');
+        return t('low');
+    }
+
+    function doorSummary(row) {
+        const open = [];
+        if (parseInt(row.door_fl) === 1) open.push('FL');
+        if (parseInt(row.door_fr) === 1) open.push('FR');
+        if (parseInt(row.door_rl) === 1) open.push('RL');
+        if (parseInt(row.door_rr) === 1) open.push('RR');
+        if (parseInt(row.door_trunk) === 1) open.push('TR');
+        return open.length ? open.join(',') : '-';
+    }
+
+    function remoteSummary(row) {
+        if (parseInt(row.remote_start_running) === 1) return t('running') + ' ' + (row.remote_start_remaining || '');
+        if (parseInt(row.remote_start_preparing) === 1) return t('preparing');
+        return '-';
+    }
+
+    function formatVoltage(v) {
+        const n = parseFloat(v || 0);
+        return n ? n.toFixed(1) + 'V' : '-';
+    }
+
+    function formatBytes(bytes) {
+        const n = Math.max(0, Number(bytes || 0));
+        if (n >= 1024 * 1024) return (n / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2) + 'MB';
+        if (n >= 1024) return (n / 1024).toFixed(1) + 'KB';
+        return Math.round(n) + 'B';
+    }
+
+    function formatPreciseMb(bytes) {
+        const n = Math.max(0, Number(bytes || 0));
+        return (n / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(3) + 'MB';
+    }
+
+    function formatKrw(value) {
+        const n = Math.max(0, Number(value || 0));
+        const billed = Math.floor(n / 10) * 10;
+        if (currentLang === 'ko') return billed.toLocaleString('ko-KR') + '원';
+        return '₩' + billed.toLocaleString('en-US');
+    }
+
+    function formatUsageMonth(value) {
+        const parts = String(value || '').split('-');
+        if (parts.length !== 2) return value || '-';
+        const month = Number(parts[1]);
+        if (!month) return value;
+        return currentLang === 'ko' ? month + '월' : new Date(2000, month - 1, 1).toLocaleString('en-US', { month: 'short' });
+    }
+
+    function formatAge(sec) {
+        if (sec < 60) return '+' + formatSecondsShort(sec);
+        if (sec < 3600) return '+' + Math.floor(sec / 60) + t('minShort');
+        return '+' + Math.floor(sec / 3600) + t('hourShort');
+    }
+
+    function compactDurationMode(context = 'state') {
+        const width = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth || 1024;
+        const target = document.getElementById(context === 'age' ? 'age-seconds' : 'val-state-timer');
+        const card = target ? target.closest('.glass-card') : null;
+        const boxWidth = card
+            ? card.getBoundingClientRect().width
+            : (target ? target.getBoundingClientRect().width : 0);
+        const limitWidth = boxWidth || width;
+
+        if (limitWidth <= 160 || width <= 380) return 'tight';
+        if (limitWidth <= 230 || width <= 575) return 'compact';
+        return 'full';
+    }
+
+    function formatResponsiveDuration(sec, context = 'state') {
+        const mode = compactDurationMode(context);
+        if (mode === 'full') {
+            return context === 'age' ? formatAgeUnits(sec) : formatDuration(sec);
+        }
+
+        sec = Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0));
+        const d = Math.floor(sec / 86400);
+        const h = Math.floor((sec % 86400) / 3600);
+        const m = Math.floor((sec % 3600) / 60);
+        const s = Math.floor(sec % 60);
+
+        if (mode === 'tight') {
+            if (d > 0) return d + t('dayShort');
+            if (h > 0) return h + t('hourShort');
+            if (m > 0) return m + t('minShort');
+            return s + t('secShort');
+        }
+
+        if (d > 0) return d + t('dayShort') + (h > 0 ? ' ' + h + t('hourShort') : '');
+        if (h > 0) return h + t('hourShort');
+        if (m > 0) return m + t('minShort');
+        return s + t('secShort');
+    }
+
+    function formatDuration(sec) {
+        sec = Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0));
+
+        const d = Math.floor(sec / 86400);
+        const h = Math.floor((sec % 86400) / 3600);
+        const m = Math.floor((sec % 3600) / 60);
+        const s = Math.floor(sec % 60);
+
+        if (d > 0) return d + t('dayShort') + ' ' + h + t('hourShort');
+        if (h > 0) return h + t('hourShort') + ' ' + m + t('minShort');
+        if (m > 0) return m + t('minShort') + ' ' + s + t('secShort');
+        return formatSecondsShort(s);
+    }
+
+    function formatAgoDuration(sec) {
+        sec = Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0));
+
+        const d = Math.floor(sec / 86400);
+        const h = Math.floor((sec % 86400) / 3600);
+        const m = Math.floor((sec % 3600) / 60);
+        const s = Math.floor(sec % 60);
+
+        if (d > 0) return d + t('dayShort') + ' ' + h + t('hourShort') + ' ' + m + t('minShort');
+        if (h > 0) return h + t('hourShort') + ' ' + m + t('minShort');
+        if (m > 0) return m + t('minShort');
+        return s + t('secShort');
+    }
+
+    function formatAgeUnits(sec) {
+        sec = Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0));
+
+        const d = Math.floor(sec / 86400);
+        const h = Math.floor((sec % 86400) / 3600);
+        const m = Math.floor((sec % 3600) / 60);
+        const s = Math.floor(sec % 60);
+        const parts = [];
+
+        if (d > 0) parts.push(d + t('dayShort'));
+        if (h > 0 || parts.length > 0) parts.push(h + t('hourShort'));
+        if (m > 0 || parts.length > 0) parts.push(m + t('minShort'));
+        parts.push(s + t('secShort'));
+
+        return parts.join(' ');
+    }
+
+    function formatSecondsShort(sec) {
+        return Math.max(0, Number(sec || 0)) + t('secShort');
+    }
+
+    function debounce(fn, wait) {
+        let timer = null;
+        return function (...args) {
+            clearTimeout(timer);
+            timer = setTimeout(() => fn.apply(this, args), wait);
+        };
+    }
+
+    function escapeHtml(value) {
+        return String(value)
+            .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
+            .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
+            .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
+            .replace(/"/g, '&quot;')
+            .replace(/'/g, '&#039;');
+    }
+
+    document.addEventListener('click', e => {
+        const el = e.target.closest('.trim-link');
+        if (!el) return;
+        document.getElementById('rawModalContent').textContent = el.dataset.raw || '(empty)';
+        new bootstrap.Modal(document.getElementById('rawModal')).show();
+    });
+</script>
+
+<div id="calibration-overlay" class="custom-modal-overlay" hidden>
+  <div class="custom-modal-panel" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="calibration-title">
+    <div class="custom-modal-header">
+      <div>
+        <div id="calibration-title" class="fw-bold">데이터 사용량 기준점</div>
+        <div class="small text-muted">T world 사용량 숫자로 월별 보정 배율을 저장합니다.</div>
+      </div>
+      <button type="button" class="btn-icon-toggle" id="calibration-close-btn" title="닫기">
+        <i class="fas fa-xmark"></i>
+      </button>
+    </div>
+    <div class="custom-modal-body">
+      <div class="calibration-grid">
+        <div class="calibration-field">
+          <label for="calibration-total-usage">T world 사용량</label>
+          <input id="calibration-total-usage" name="calibration_total_usage" type="number" inputmode="decimal" min="0" step="0.001" placeholder="예: 6396 또는 6.25" autocomplete="off">
+        </div>
+        <div class="calibration-field">
+          <label for="calibration-unit">단위</label>
+          <select id="calibration-unit" name="calibration_unit">
+            <option value="KB" selected>KB</option>
+            <option value="MB">MB</option>
+            <option value="B">B</option>
+          </select>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="calibration-field">
+        <label for="calibration-anchor-ts">기준 시각</label>
+        <input id="calibration-anchor-ts" name="calibration_anchor_ts" type="datetime-local" step="1" autocomplete="off">
+      </div>
+      <div class="calibration-field">
+        <label for="calibration-note">메모</label>
+        <input id="calibration-note" name="calibration_note" type="text" maxlength="80" placeholder="예: T world 사용량 조회" autocomplete="off">
+      </div>
+      <div class="calibration-summary">
+        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
+          <div class="label-text mb-1">현재 월</div>
+          <div id="calibration-month" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
+          <div class="label-text mb-1">로컬 통신사형 누적</div>
+          <div id="calibration-meter" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
+          <div class="label-text mb-1">현재 배율</div>
+          <div id="calibration-current-scale" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
+          <div class="label-text mb-1">입력 예상 배율</div>
+          <div id="calibration-preview-scale" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="calibration-summary-item">
+          <div class="label-text mb-1">기준 출처</div>
+          <div id="calibration-source" class="font-mono fw-bold">-</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div id="calibration-message" class="calibration-message text-muted"></div>
+      <div id="calibration-history" class="calibration-history"></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="custom-modal-footer">
+      <button type="button" class="btn btn-light rounded-pill px-4" id="calibration-cancel-btn">닫기</button>
+      <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary rounded-pill px-4" id="calibration-save-btn">저장</button>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="modal fade" id="rawModal" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">
+  <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable">
+    <div class="modal-content glass-card">
+      <div class="modal-header">
+        <h6 class="modal-title fw-bold" data-i18n="rawFullData">RAW FULL DATA</h6>
+        <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal"></button>
+      </div>
+      <div class="modal-body">
+        <pre id="rawModalContent" class="font-mono small mb-0"></pre>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<script>
+if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
+    window.addEventListener('load', () => {
+        navigator.serviceWorker.getRegistrations()
+            .then(registrations => registrations.forEach(registration => registration.unregister()))
+            .catch(() => {});
+    });
+}
+</script>
+<script src="https://chaegeon.com/log/logger.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/tcp_worker.php b/tcp_worker.php
index a66dfb6..50da14d 100644
--- a/tcp_worker.php
+++ b/tcp_worker.php
@@ -1,44 +1,44 @@
-<?php
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-require __DIR__ . '/common.php';
-
-const WORKER_IDLE_SLEEP_USEC = 200000;
-
-if (PHP_SAPI !== 'cli') {
-    fwrite(STDERR, "tcp_worker.php must run from CLI\n");
-    exit(1);
-}
-
-$lockFp = fopen('/tmp/car_tcp_worker.lock', 'c');
-if ($lockFp === false) {
-    fwrite(STDERR, "failed to open worker lock\n");
-    exit(1);
-}
-
-if (!flock($lockFp, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)) {
-    fwrite(STDERR, "worker already running\n");
-    exit(0);
-}
-
-register_shutdown_function(static function () use ($lockFp): void {
-    @flock($lockFp, LOCK_UN);
-    @fclose($lockFp);
-});
-
-db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema(db());
+<?php
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+require __DIR__ . '/common.php';
+
+const WORKER_IDLE_SLEEP_USEC = 200000;
+
+if (PHP_SAPI !== 'cli') {
+    fwrite(STDERR, "tcp_worker.php must run from CLI\n");
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+$lockFp = fopen('/tmp/car_tcp_worker.lock', 'c');
+if ($lockFp === false) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, "failed to open worker lock\n");
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+if (!flock($lockFp, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, "worker already running\n");
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+register_shutdown_function(static function () use ($lockFp): void {
+    @flock($lockFp, LOCK_UN);
+    @fclose($lockFp);
+});
+
+db_ensure_tcp_queue_schema(db(true));
 
 while (true) {
     try {
-        $job = tcp_queue_claim_next(db());
+        $job = tcp_queue_claim_next(db(true));
         if (!$job) {
             usleep(WORKER_IDLE_SLEEP_USEC);
             continue;
         }
-
-        tcp_worker_process_job($job);
-    } catch (Throwable $e) {
-        fwrite(STDERR, date('c') . ' ' . $e->getMessage() . "\n");
-        usleep(1000000);
-    }
-}
+
+        tcp_worker_process_job($job);
+    } catch (Throwable $e) {
+        fwrite(STDERR, date('c') . ' ' . $e->getMessage() . "\n");
+        usleep(1000000);
+    }
+}